Genetic Disorders and Evolution: Understanding the Basics

Posted by on Nov 8, 2023 in Biology | 0 comments

Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorder: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically (it is caused by mutation)


Describe a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Hemophilia, it reduces activity of a
protein needed for blood clotting.


What causes Down syndrome? When someone has 47 chromosomes instead of 46 in each cell, there is
an extra 21st chromosome


What is nondisjunction? Is the failure of replicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis


What is gene therapy? Inserting normal genes
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Biology

Posted by on Nov 3, 2023 in Biology | 0 comments

MACROEVOLUTION

production Of A New Species

based on a series of microevolutions

gradualism– series of small changes over time

punctu8d equilibrium– no change then sudden change

evidence=homologies ana2my, fossil record,

homologous molecules

bats & humans have

similar structure=related more than birds

selection pressure– conditions which cause individuals 2 survive

Directional-1 extreme- antibiotic resistance

stabilizing-intermediate-bb size 

disruptive-both extreme-fnch beak size 

sickle anemia 

stabilizing

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uwfhj

Posted by on Oct 24, 2023 in Biology | 0 comments

UPSTREAM in bioprocess: STERILIZATION: It is used so only the biocatalyst grows. In the sterilization vapors are introduced through the equipment increasing the temperature. The sterilization cycle implies a rise in temperature, which is why the temperature drop must be taken into account. There are different levels of sterility: 1) Disinfection: destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores. Usually used obly on inanimate objects. 2)Sterilization: complete removal

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biologia

Posted by on Oct 23, 2023 in Biology | 0 comments

Blood composition:

  • Blood plasma: water with minerals (90%), nutrients (glucose, amino acids, vitamins…), waste products (urea, uric..), proteins and dissolved hormones.
  • Blood cells: Leukocytes or white blood cells, Erythrocytes or red blood cells ( contain hemoglobin, red pigments that carries oxygen from pulmonary alveoli to all the cells in our body), Thrombocytes or platelets.

Functions of the blood:

  • Transports nutrients and oxygen to all the cells and collects waste products produced by cell metabolism,
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biology

Posted by on Oct 18, 2023 in Biology | 0 comments

Prokaryotic- organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles Gram-positive- bacteria surrounded by layers of peptidoglycan but lack outer membrane Gram-negative- bacteria surrounded by thin peptidoglycan cell wall, which is surrounded by outer membrane Bacillus- aerobic, sporulating, rod-shaped bacteria that are common in nature. Cocci- spherical or round or oval. Spirilla- curved shaped bacteria which can range from gently curved to corkscrew spiral. Autotrophic- an organism that can

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biologia

Posted by on Oct 18, 2023 in Biology | 0 comments

THE DIGESTIVE PROCESSES 

The Stomach

  • An organ connected to the small intestine via the pylorus, a valve that is usually closed.

  • Cardia:the valve at the entrance of the stomach which is always ope

  • Food stays in the stomach for 3-4 hours, mixing with gastric juice, making chyme.

  • Gastric juice contains pepsin, an enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins.

  • It also contains hydrochloric acid, which activates pepsin and facilitates its action, and destroys bacteria. 


  • The inside of the stomach contains mucus

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