Respiratory System Functions and Structures
EJ 1. NAME SELECTED PART…
A) NASAL CAVITY A1) UVULA B) PHARYNX B1) EPIGLOTTIS C) LARYNX C1) TRACHEA C2) BRONCHI C3) BRONCHIES D) LUNGS
A-B UPPER C-D LOWER
A) Heat and filtrates the air. B) Regulating the passing of air and food, detect pathogens and the immune system by means of the tonsils. C) Sending the air to the lungs preventing suffocation by food. D) Gas exchange, absorbing oxygen from the outside to the blood, expels CO2 from the blood to the outside.
EJ 2. AIRWAYS PREPARE…
a) olfactory bulb,
Read MoreSymptoms and Signs of Peripheral Vascular Diseases
NUMERO SETTE: Symptoms/signs of peripheral vascular diseases:
ARTERIES: Pathological change within the vessel, change of lumen size leading to stenosis or total occlusion resulting in ischemia of the extremity (upper/lower). HISTORY: Ask about atherosclerosis (smoking, fatty foods, diabetes), claudicatory pain, subclavian steal syndrome. AUSCULATION: Listen for bruits in various areas. ACUTE ARTERIAL OCCLUSION: Sharp pain, cold/pale extremities, absent pulse, reflexes diminished, collapsed superficial
Read MoreEvolution of P. Aeruginosa in CF Infections: Phenotypes and Mutations
Phenotypes of P. Aeruginosa in CF Infections
1. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, what is the acute phenotype for P. aeruginosa? What is the chronic phenotype for P. aeruginosa? What are the selective pressures for this phenotype change? The ‘acute’ phenotype is characterized by motility, protease production, and type III secretion and slowly transitions to a ‘chronic’ phenotype which is characterized by biofilm formation, decreased antibiotic susceptibility,
Read MoreUnderstanding Muscle Contraction and Nervous System Functions
CHAPTER 9
What is the role of calcium ions in the contraction of skeletal muscle?
Calcium ions bind to the troponin-tropomyosin
The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the ______.
Sarcomere
Interactions between thin and thick myofilaments of the sacromere are responsible for ________.
Muscle contraction
During muscle contraction, all of the following occur EXCEPT ______.
Calcium concentrations in the sarcoplasm decrease
During a muscle contraction, muscle fibers shorten when ______.
Thin myofilaments
Spontaneous Generation Theory and Experiments: Redi, Pasteur, Oparin
Theory of spontaneous generation
Spontaneous generation is a body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms. The theory of spontaneous generation held that living creatures could arise from nonliving matter and that such processes were commonplace and regular. It was hypothesized that certain forms such as fleas could arise from inanimate matter such as dust, or that maggots could arise from dead flesh. A variant idea was that of equivocal generation,
Read MoreRespiration and Digestion: Processes and Functions
Respiration
Respiration is a process divided into two processes:
- External respiration is the gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere, where oxygen enters the lungs and carbon dioxide exits. It does not create ATP molecules.
- Internal respiration is the gas exchange between the bloodstream and the tissues, where oxygen enters the tissues to create ATP molecules and carbon dioxide exits.
Organs of the Respiratory Tract
The respiratory tract is divided into the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity,
Read More