Anatomy of the Respiratory and Urinary Systems
Larynx
A tubular organ that connects the pharynx to the trachea, located in front of the neck. During swallowing, communication is intercepted by a layer of cartilage (epiglottis) that prevents food from passing into the airways. It consists of the hyoid bone and cartilage:
Cartilages of the Larynx
- Cricoid: Superimposed on the trachea. It is a ring with a bow front and rear seal.
- Thyroid: Forms the laryngeal prominence.
- Epiglottis: When the larynx descends during swallowing, it is applied against the
Food Preservation: Methods, Additives, and Safe Handling
Fresh Foods
Fresh foods are those that have not undergone any preservation process, additional treatment, or transformation that extends their shelf life. They should be stored in places with low humidity and away from products that transmit odors.
Types of Fresh Foods
In fresh food stands, you can find perishable and non-perishable foods:
Perishable Foods
These foods are offered for immediate consumption because their preservation is very limited.
Non-Perishable Foods
These foods have a dry consistency,
Read MoreUrinary, Male & Female Reproductive Systems Overview
Urinary System
1. Which of the following is classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? – The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra / All of the above
2. The shape of the kidney could be best described as _______ shape. – Bean shape.
3. The calyces of the kidney joint together to form a large collection reservoir called the? – Renal pelvis.
4. There are how many openings in the urinary bladder? – Three
5. The function of the urinary bladder is: Serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves
Read MorePulp and Periapical Pathology
Dentine hypersensitivity
A hypersensitive tooth is one that tends to overreact to various stimuli because of exposed dentin.
Clinical:
Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by severe pain, short and located immediately after performing a stimulus. Presumably the pain of dentin is due to the movement of liquids within the tubules (as the hydrodynamic theory). If dentin is exposed by abrasion, erosion, attrition, gingival recession, periodontal treatment, or anatomical defects, the pulp may respond
Read MoreFundamentals of Biology: From Viruses to DNA Structure
Structure of a Virus
Viruses are composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an additional outer lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane.
Classification
Viruses are classified based on their genetic material (DNA or RNA), the presence or absence of an outer lipid envelope, shape, and size. They are classified into families, genera, and species.
Viral Replication
Viruses cannot replicate on their own and require a host cell to reproduce.
Read MoreBiology: The Study of Life
Biology is a discipline that belongs to the Natural Sciences. Its main objective is to study the origin, evolution and properties possessed by all living things. The word biology comes from Greek and means “study of life” (bios, life and logos, study or treaty).
Science: A method for obtaining knowledge about nature.
Technology: In biology, the application of scientific knowledge of engineering to solve biological problems.
Scientific method: way of gathering information and testing ideas. It consists
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