Public Health and Medical Therapies
Public Health and Health
Public health and health is the set of activities and services to promote, protect, and restore the health of people.
- Promote: healthy habits, health education, preventive medicine, such as hygiene.
- Protect: health care and environmental control, for example, water treatment and disinfection, solid waste and wastewater, food safety, etc.
- Restore: diagnosis, treatment (medicine, surgery, transplants, etc.)
Vaccine and Serum
Vaccine: is an artificially prepared material from dead
Read MoreUnderstanding Blood: Composition, Function, and Disorders
What is Blood?
Blood is a liquid tissue that circulates throughout the body, delivering essential elements to cells for vital functions like breathing, energy production, and defense against infections. All organs rely on blood flow through arteries, veins, and capillaries. The blood volume in a person varies with age, weight, sex, and height, but adults typically have between 4.5 and 6 liters.
Blood is considered a highly specialized connective tissue.
Role of Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Carry
Read MoreFrom DNA to Protein: Transcription and Translation
Transcription: mRNA Synthesis from DNA
Gene to Protein
Genes, located within specific DNA regions, hold the instructions for building specific proteins. Protein synthesis happens outside the nucleus, on ribosomes. To bridge this gap, a molecule is needed to carry the DNA code and ensure accurate protein production.
Transcription Process
- Initiation: RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA segment containing the target gene.
- Elongation: RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides from the nucleus to the DNA template strand,
Dietary Fiber and Its Effects
Dietary Fiber: Function, Sources, and Benefits
Background
Dietary fiber, previously known as “roughage,” refers to substances in plant foods that are not fully broken down by human digestive enzymes.
Initially, it was believed that dietary fiber was entirely indigestible and provided no energy.
It is now understood that some fiber undergoes fermentation in the large intestine by gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids and gases.
These fatty acids are absorbed into the bloodstream and provide
Infant and Toddler Nutrition: Breastfeeding, Formula & Solid Foods
Nutrition of Infants and Toddlers
Breastfeeding:
Human milk is the ideal and uniquely superior food for infants.
- It is recommended that human milk be the only source of nutrition for the first 6 months of life.
- Intake may be continued for the first 2 years of life (1 year average) if accompanied with appropriate complementary foods.
Advantages of Breastfeeding:
For the infant:
- Decreased incidence or severity of diarrhea, respiratory illnesses, otitis media, bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, and necrotizing
Understanding Hygrothermal Comfort: Measurement, Impacts, and Optimal Conditions
Hygrothermal Comfort: A Key Factor in Living Conditions
Definition of Hygrothermal
Hygrothermal refers to the combined effects of humidity and temperature.
Air Humidity
Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air.
Measuring Humidity
There are three ways to measure humidity:
- Absolute humidity
- Relative humidity: The ratio of actual water vapor in the air to the maximum amount it can hold at that temperature.
- Specific humidity
A hygrometer is used to measure humidity.