Medical Terminology: Prefixes, Suffixes, and Abbreviations
Medical Terminology
Prefixes – Meaning (Example)
a- not/without (arrhythmia)
adipo- fat (adipose tissue)
aero- air/gas (aerodontalgia)
alge- pain (algesthesia)
an- lacking in/without (anemia)
andr- male (androgen)
angi- blood vessel (angiography)
anthropo- man/human being (anthropology)
anti- against (antisepsis)
bi- two/twice (bilateral)
bio- life (biology)
cardio- heart (cardiomyopathy)
cephalo- head (cephalhematoma)
costo- ribs (costalgia)
cyto- cell (cytology)
dent- tooth/teeth (dentistry)
dermato- skin (dermatologist)
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Interactions: Understanding Virulence and Immune Responses
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Interactions
The Role of Microbiota in Infection
Microbiota usually protects against infections, directly by limiting nutrients, inhibiting virulence gene expression, and killing incoming species. Indirectly, it alters the host’s innate and adaptive immune response.
The outcome of infection depends on agent factors such as strain, gene content, and expression, as well as the host’s genotype, age, history, and immunity.
Primary Pathogens
Primary pathogens can cause disease
Read MoreMicrobial Pathogenesis and Host Interactions: A Comprehensive Overview
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Interactions
Microbiota and Infection
Microbiota usually protects against infections, directly by limiting nutrients, inhibiting virulence gene expression and killing of incoming species. Indirectly, it alters host innate and adaptive immune response.
The outcome of infection is dependent on agent factors such as strain, gene content and expression. It is also dependent on the host’s genotype, age, history and immunity.
Types of Pathogens
Primary Pathogens
Primary pathogens
Read MoreHuman Body Systems
Nervous System
1. Duties
- Sensory: Receptors detect stimuli and send them to the CNS.
- Integration: CNS processes information and makes decisions.
- Motor: Decisions from the CNS are sent as a response.
2. Nerve Impulse
A signal is transmitted from one neuron to another. It enters through the dendrites, travels along the axon, and ends at the axon terminal. Neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine) are released to communicate with the subsequent neuron.
Neuromuscular Junction: Connection between a neuron and
Read MoreHuman Anatomy and Physiology: Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal, and Respiratory Systems
Nervous System
Functions
- Sensory: Receptors detect stimuli and send signals to the CNS.
- Integration: The CNS processes information and makes decisions.
- Motor: Decisions from the CNS are responded to.
Nerve Impulse
A signal is transmitted along a neuron. It enters through dendrites, travels along the axon, and reaches the axon terminal. Neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine) are released at the synapse to communicate with the next neuron.
Neuromuscular Junction
The connection point between a motor neuron
Read MoreAmino Acids and Protein Classification: Structure, Function, and Types
Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Proteins
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They are composed of an amine group (-NH₂), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive side chain (R group) attached to a central carbon atom (α-carbon). The nature of the R group determines the characteristics and classification of each amino acid.
General Structure of Amino Acids:
The general structure of an amino acid can be represented as:
H
NH₂—C—COOH