Animal Nutrition, Metabolism, and Respiration
Nutrition: Metabolism:
qimics d ls q reactions depend reproduction, manteniminto d structurs, development and ability to Stimulo d Respondre.
Catabolism:
(get energy) molec.Compleja – molec.Sencilla + E, EJP: cellular respiration.
(Repair and mentine structurs) molec.Secillas + E – molec.Compl.
Processes:
Capture and ingestion:
Ingestion: introduction d alimnts body nl x dl animal.Normalmnt the boca.Tipos:
ingstion Passive peqeñs cn Acuatics animals specialized movilida.Structuras Scase : cilia,
Functional Foods: Benefits and Applications for Health
Functional Foods
Functional foods provide a beneficial effect on health beyond their nutritional value. Examples include:
- Removed Component: unsalted luncheon
- Replacement Components: whole wheat bread, flour
- Adding Component: DHA butter, milk, omega-3, calcium
Probiotic Foods
Probiotic foods contain live bacteria capable of producing tangible health benefits. Example: BAL lactic acid bacteria (in yogurt).
Prebiotics
Prebiotics are food products that promote the development and growth of beneficial bacteria
Read MoreEukaryotic Cell Organelles: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts
Core: The Cell’s Control Center
The core, or nucleus, is the main organelle in eukaryotic cells (both animal and plant). It houses the cell’s genome, where DNA replication and RNA synthesis occur. Most cells have a single nucleus, although some, like mammalian erythrocytes, lack nuclei, while others, like hepatocytes, can have two, and osteoclasts can be multinucleated.
Interphase Nucleus
In animal cells, the resting nucleus usually occupies a central position, while in plant cells, it’s often eccentric
Read MoreBlood Groups, STIs, and Eruptive Diseases
Blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. In group O, no A or B antigens are present on the red blood cells, and the plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. In group A, antigen A is found on red blood cells, and the plasma contains anti-B antibodies. In group B, antigen B is found on red blood cells, and the plasma contains anti-A antibodies. This explains transfusion reactions: group O blood can be donated to all groups but can only receive from group O (universal donor). Group A can donate to
Read MoreCell Nucleus and Cycle
Interphase Nucleus
The interphase nucleus, ranging from 5 to 10 nm, houses the genetic information. This corresponds to the state of the nucleus when the cell is not dividing, a phase occurring in all eukaryotic cells.
Cell Size and Position
Cell size is related to the cytoplasm, which directly influences cell position. This position, often central, can vary depending on cell type and form, constantly changing and adapting to the cell’s configuration. In isodiametric cells, the nucleus is typically
Read MoreEndomembrane System in Eukaryotic Cells
Introduction
Eukaryotic cells, unlike prokaryotic cells, possess a complex network of internal membranes called the endomembrane system. This system includes various organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and vacuoles. These organelles play crucial roles in cellular function.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The ER is a network of interconnected tubules and sacs extending throughout the cytoplasm. It exists in two forms: rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (
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