Neuroendocrine Regulation and Homeostasis: Mechanisms and Impact
Neuroendocrine Regulation and Homeostasis
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
The pituitary is the main endocrine gland and is involved in regulating the hydrosaline balance, among other functions. The hypothalamus is a structure of the nervous system that controls the functioning of the pituitary.
Formation of Hypertonic and Hypotonic Urine
Glomerular filtration changes in its composition as it progresses through the various passages that form the renal tubule. Harmful substances are removed from the blood,
Read MoreFish Musculature: Trunk and Head Muscles
Trunk Muscles in Fish
Trunk muscles in fish consist of a series of muscle blocks called myotomes or myomeres, separated by connective tissue sheaths called myosepta. These myosepta represent the segmentation of the body. Some fish have red and white muscle cells (myofibers). The red fibers are oriented more or less parallel to the axis of the body, while white fibers can deviate as much as 45 degrees from the axis of the body. The myotomes are folded, just under the skin, and their outer edges resemble
Read MoreHuman Evolution: From Primates to Modern Homo Sapiens
- Forelimbs endowed with great mobility: Prehensile toes, flat nails, opposable thumb, which promotes dexterity.
- Stereoscopic vision: The position of the eyes in front, to calculate distances.
- Unspecialized digestive system, which can have a very varied diet: plants, carrion, meat, insects.
- A very limited number of descendants: With large units of the mother after birth, thereby developing a complex social behavior.
Genetic Changes Conditioning the Human Species: Hominization
It is a complex biological
Read MoreHuman Body, Lab Equipment, and Daily Routine
Human Body
- Body: This term refers to the physical structure of a living organism, including humans. It includes all the organs, tissues, cells, and systems that work to maintain life and perform various functions.
- Brain: It is the complex organ that serves as the center of the nervous system.
- Heart: It is a muscular organ situated in the chest that functions as the central pump of the circulatory system.
- Liver: It is a vital organ situated in the upper right side of the abdomen. It plays an essential
Fish Anatomy, Physiology, and Common Species
Fish Anatomy and Physiology
Muscles
Formed by two dorsal and two ventral muscles. Fibered packages are called myotomes, which are separated by a membrane called the myoseptum.
The color of the muscle will be more reddish in more active fish, as in swimming, due to the need for more irrigation. According to the irrigation, muscles can be classified as more or less fatty.
- Fatty fish: > 5% fat content (e.g., oily fish with external metallic coloring, such as teal)
- Medium-fat fish: 2-5% fat content
- Lean
Genetic Expression: Transcription and Translation in Cells
Genetic Expression: Transcription and Translation
Transcription: The synthesis of RNA from DNA. A strand of RNA is a sequence of bases complementary to the original.
Translation: Passing on the information contained in the RNA to proteins.
These processes always occur in the cell.
Purpose: To control the operation of the cell (coordinating all cellular processes).
- “Mold string”: The strand that is transcribed.
- “Chain Information”: The strand complementary to the mold strand. It resembles the mRNA, but