Human Respiratory System: Function and Anatomy
Respiratory System: Function and Anatomy
Function: Exchange of gases between the body and the atmosphere.
Human respiratory, or pulmonary, respiration consists of:
Driving System
Nostrils, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi (main, lobar, segmental), and bronchioles.
Exchange System
Alveolar tubes and sacs. The anatomic dead space, or respiratory zone (no gas exchange) of the bronchial tree, includes the first 16 bronchial generations, and its volume is 150 ml.
The respiratory function is to move
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DNA: Structure and Characteristics
1) DNA is composed of two chains coiled together to form a double helix.
2) Each chain is made up of units called nucleotides. In DNA, there are four types of nucleotides: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T). Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
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Mitochondria are cellular organelles responsible for supplying most of the energy necessary for cell activity. They act as central powerhouses of the cell and synthesize ATP at the expense of metabolic fuels. In the mitochondrial matrix are located enzymes responsible for fatty acid oxidation, amino acids, pyruvic acid, and the citric acid cycle.
Metabolism: Transforming Biomolecules
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Read MoreHuman Respiration and the Circulatory System
Respiration
Respiration is the process by which air containing oxygen enters our body, and air rich in carbon dioxide is expelled. A living being can survive for several hours without eating, sleeping, or drinking water, but cannot stop breathing for more than three minutes. This fact highlights the importance of breathing for our lives.
Composition of Air
- Nitrogen (N2): 78.084%
- Oxygen (O2): 20.946%
- Argon (Ar): 0.9340%
- Carbon dioxide (CO2): 0.039%
- Neon (Ne): 0.001818%
- Helium (He): 0.000524%
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