Basic Economics Concepts Explained
What is Economics?
The science of how people, firms, and societies make choices under scarcity of resources to satisfy the greatest number of unlimited wants.
- Scarcity: When there is not enough of a resource available to satisfy all the potential ways in which people want to use it.
- Feasible: Possible to do easily or conveniently.
- Tradeoff: A compromise; giving up one thing to get another.
First Principle: Incentives
Incentives are opportunities to make oneself better off. They don’t always work as intended.
Read MoreThe Renaissance Period: History and Key Aspects
Renaissance Period (1485-1600)
It literally means rebirth and it specifically refers to the rebirth of learning that began in Italy in the 14th century, spread to the North by the 16th century, and ended in the North in the mid-17th century. In Italy, it ended earlier.
During this time, there was a revival of classical models, and this period can be seen as the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. It’s called the Age of Shakespeare or the Elizabethan era in England.
Periods of the Renaissance
The
Read MoreJoaquín Costa on Spain’s Restoration Politics
Joaquín Costa’s Critique of Restoration Spain
This text is an excerpt from the book Oligarchy and Despotism, Agrarian Collectivism and Other Writings by Joaquín Costa. Joaquín Costa, the author, was a prominent member of a school of thought from the early twentieth century called Regenerationism, which challenged the political system of the Restoration and sought “a regeneration of Spain.” Costa was also a leading politician, historian, and jurist from Aragon. One of his favorite slogans was “
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Essentials and Text Analysis
Prepositions
English Prepositions
- aboard
- about
- above
- across
- after
- against
- along
- amid
- among
- anti
- around
- as
- at
- before
- behind
- below
- beneath
- beside
- besides
- between
- beyond
- but
- by
- concerning
- considering
- despite
- down
- during
- except
- excepting
- excluding
- following
- for
- from
- in
- inside
- into
- like
- minus
- near
- of
- off
- on
- onto
- opposite
- outside
- over
- past
- per
- plus
- regarding
- round
- save
- since
- than
- through
- to
- toward
- towards
- under
- underneath
- unlike
- until
- up
- upon
- versus
- via
- with
- within
- without
Spanish Prepositions
- a bordo
- aproximadamente
- arriba
- al otro lado de
- después de
- contra
- a lo largo de
- en medio
- entre
- anti
- alrededor
American Revolution Key Dates and Facts
Key Dates of the American Revolution Era
- 3. The years of the French and Indian War: 1754 – 1763
- 14. The year of the Boston Massacre: 1770
- 16. Year of the Boston Tea Party: 1773
- 18. Year of the Intolerable Acts: 1774
- 21. Year of the Continental Congress: 1774
- 24. Year and date of the Lexington and Concord Incident: April 18, 1775
- 25. Year of the Second Continental Congress: 1775
- 30. What year Common Sense was written: 1776
- 32. Year of the Declaration of Independence: 1776
Key Information About the Revolution
- 1.
Belgium’s Industrial Revolution: Key Factors
Belgium was the first continental European region to fully adopt the model of British industrialization. Despite frequent political changes, Belgium showed a remarkable degree of continuity in its economic development model.
Several factors contributed to this early industrialization:
- Firstly, the region had a long industrial tradition.
- Secondly, Belgium had natural resources similar to those of Britain. Its coal deposits were readily accessible, and even after 1850, its production was greater than
Reading Practice Texts from Past Exams
Junio 1997: Smoking and Health
This section presents responses related to smoking and health.
- It’s a group which explains the dangers of smoking. They make anti-smoking campaigns and are especially concerned with limiting cigarette advertising.
- Yes, it is a very bad habit. You should know it can affect your life very badly. Smoking is a bad habit among teenagers. The cigarette contains dangerous items which destroy the human brain and lungs. It causes different diseases such as cancer in various parts
English Grammar Practice Questions
- (A) They are enjoying a visit after a long separation
- (A) Let’s go to a movie
- (C) Taking a plane costs more but saves time
- (D) In a clothing store
- (C) More time is needed to evaluate Ted’s condition
- (A) She doesn’t want to practice any more
- No answer provided
- (B) It is an excellent restaurant
- (D) He doesn’t want to go to the party because it starts late
- (B) She might have missed her flight from Boston
- (B) She is not surprised by the man’s statement
- (A) lower the woman’s final grade
- (C) Ray is behaving
Population Geography of Spain: Sources and Distribution
Demographic Sources in Population Geography
Population Geography studies the relationships between population and space. It relies on various sources:
Key Demographic Sources
Census: An individualized count of a country’s population at a specific time. It collects demographic, economic, and social data (total population de facto and de jure, gender, age, marital status, etc.). The census has been conducted every 10 years since 1981 (in years ending in 1).
Municipal Register (Padrón Municipal): A register
Key Figures in 20th Century Spanish Poetry
Antonio Machado: Poetic Thought and Works
Antonio Machado: The poetic thought of intuition lived, temporal. Sleep: The only form of knowledge. Machado dreamed it all, but his poems also dream of nature.
Love: Little eroticism; the woman appears as a dream. This refers to the lack of love, due to his sadness because of time spent.
Soledades, Galerías y otros poemas: 1903 (Soledades), Galerías added in 1907. Great influence of Verlaine. The themes are the test of time, lost youth, dreams, the problem
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