Human Resource Management (HRM): Definition, Scope, Role, and Global Strategy
Human Resource Management (HRM): Definition and Core Concepts
Introduction to Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management (HRM) is a strategic approach to the effective and efficient management of people in an organization. Its primary goal is to ensure that employees help the business gain a competitive advantage. HRM is concerned with hiring, developing, utilizing, and maintaining a satisfied workforce.
Defining Human Resource Management (HRM)
HRM is the process of recruiting, selecting, training,
Read MoreClimatology of the Iberian Peninsula: Types and Characteristics
Key Parameters for Climate Analysis
Temperature Metrics
- Minimum recorded temperature and month of registration.
- Temperatures below zero (Winter conditions, leading to rain or snow).
- Maximum recorded temperature and month of registration.
- Thermal oscillation (amplitude): Maximum Mean Temperature (TM) minus Minimum Mean Temperature (Tm).
- Seasons definition: Summer (temperatures higher than 25 °C); Winter (temperatures lower than 0 °C).
Rainfall and Precipitation
- Total annual precipitation (in millimeters,
Key Concepts in Organizational Behavior and Management
Organizational Behavior: Introduction and Variables
- Dependent Variables: Productivity, absenteeism, turnover, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship.
- Independent Variables:
- Individual (perceptions, background)
- Group (communication, conflict)
- Organizational (culture, HR policies)
Core Learning Theories in Organizational Settings
- Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning: Dogs salivate (conditioned response) when the ‘food whistle’ is blown (conditioned stimulus).
- Operant Conditioning: Learned (voluntary)
Spinal Orthotics: Treatments, Brace Types, and Biomechanics
Orthotic Treatment for Lumbar and Thoracic Conditions
Spinal orthoses, or back braces, play a critical role in the non-surgical management of various thoracic and lumbar spine conditions. These devices are designed to support, align, prevent or correct deformities, and improve function. Orthotic treatment is commonly prescribed for conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, spondylolisthesis, herniated discs, and post-surgical stabilization. The selection of the appropriate orthosis depends on the location,
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Overcoming Rationalism and Empiricism in the Age of Reason
Immanuel Kant and the Age of Enlightenment (1724–1804)
Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 and died in 1804. His century saw the development of the Enlightenment (Luces).
The 18th Century: Peace, Industry, and Social Change
From a historical standpoint, the 18th century is presented as a century of peace in Europe, situated between the religious wars of the 17th century and the conflicts of the 19th century. The economy, fundamentally based on agriculture, began its revolutionary shift with the Industrial
Read MoreGlobal Environmental Challenges: Pollution, Resources, and Biodiversity Loss
Environmental Impacts of Resource Use
Living Resources and Their Exploitation
Livestock and Intensive Farming Impacts
Intensive livestock farming presents major environmental problems, including the use of treated feed, reduction in biodiversity, and significant pollution caused by slurry (manure and excrements).
Marine Resources and Fishing Challenges
Environmental problems related to fishing include:
- Fishing overexploitation.
- Use of non-selective nets and drag fishing techniques.
- Impacts from climate
India’s Foreign Policy: Determinants, Diplomacy, and Global Role
Determinants of India’s Post-Independence Foreign Policy
India’s foreign policy post-1947 has been shaped by its historical experience, developmental needs, strategic concerns, and ideological commitments. As a newly independent state emerging from colonial rule, India’s priorities were sovereignty, territorial integrity, economic development, and global recognition.
- Historical Legacy and Civilizational Values: Ancient Indian philosophies of peace, coexistence, and universal brotherhood (e.g.,
Failures of Planning and India’s 1991 LPG Economic Reforms
Failures of Pre-1991 Economic Planning
Increase in Poverty
- The number of people who fail to get the basic necessities of life was increasing.
- The policies adopted by the government till 1990 were very rigid and were unable to generate sufficient employment opportunities and income.
High Rate of Inflation
- Despite some progress shown by policies undertaken by the government till 1991, it was observed that the government could not control the persistent rise in prices.
- The price level increased from nearly
Robert Louis Stevenson’s Kidnapped: Adventure, Betrayal, and the Scottish Highlands
Robert Louis Stevenson’s Kidnapped: An Adventure Novel
Kidnapped is an adventure and historical novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was published in 1886 by Cassell and Company Ltd. and originally spanned a total of 222 pages. The novel is known for its gripping storyline and vivid portrayal of 18th-century Scotland.
Key Figures in Kidnapped
- David Balfour – The protagonist, a young and naive boy who matures into a courageous and resourceful individual as he faces numerous challenges.
- Alan
Britain’s Role and Cultural Impact of World Wars I and II
World War I: The Great War (1914–1918)
World War I, also called the First World War or the Great War, was an international conflict that, from 1914 to 1918, embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions.
The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central
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