Literary Movements and Styles: From Neoclassicism to Avant-Garde
Neoclassicism
- Emphasis on simplicity and naturalness, eschewing fantasy.
- Focus on moral and social aspects of humanity.
- Adherence to rigorous rules, mimicking classic literature.
- Limited creativity for refined expression.
- Exaltation of simple pleasures.
- Predominance of reason over emotion.
- Knowledge acquisition through methodical work.
Neoclassicism emerged with the death of Louis XIV in 1715 and concluded with the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, coinciding with the Enlightenment period.
Realism
The
Read MoreJournalistic Genres and Literary Movements
Journalistic Genres
Types of Journalistic Genres
Journalistic genres can be classified into various types:
- Objective Information: (Informative genres with a referential function)
- Subjective or Interpretative Vision of Events: (Opinion genres with an expressive and appellative function)
- Entertainment Texts
Informative Subgenres
a) News
News objectively presents facts that are interesting to a wide range of people.
Structure:
- Headline (Including kicker, title, and subtitle): Provides an overview of the reported
Legal & Administrative Texts: Characteristics and Structure
Legal and Administrative Texts
Basic Characteristics
- Predominance of Conative Function: These texts aim to influence the recipient’s behavior.
- Diversity of Genres: Each area (legislative, judicial, administrative) has a wide range of genres.
- Stereotyped Forms: Genres follow preset patterns established by tradition.
- Specific Register: Characterized by formality, specific legal terminology, formulas, complex syntax, and a neutral style.
- Performative Nature: Messages often have immediate effect (e.g., decrees,
Protein Synthesis and Genetic Code: A Comprehensive Overview
Protein Synthesis
Polypeptide Chain Formation
Transcription and Translation
Transcription: The process of copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence. It occurs in the nucleus where the genome is located.
Translation: The process of converting an RNA sequence into an amino acid sequence. It takes place in the ribosomes.
Role of Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis where translation occurs.
Other Molecules Involved in Protein Synthesis
Besides mRNA, tRNA and rRNA also play crucial roles
Read MoreGlossary of Terms: Definitions and Examples
Glossary of Terms
Note: Commas separate meanings and synonyms; semicolons separate different meanings of a word.
Abbreviations
- Acc: Action verb
- Ant: Antonym
- Conj: It is conjugated as
- Ex: Example
- Err: Wrong way
- Fam: Family
- Fig: Figuratively
- Per: Person
- Plur: Plural
- Sin: Synonym
- Út: Also used in / as
- Intr: Intransitive
Terms
Mottled: Confused, mixed.
Cur: Despicable, vile in the extreme.
Heartburn: Flounder.
Bitter: Rough to taste, unpleasant. Err. acquis. View acquis.
Bitter: Superlative acre. Very rough and pungent
Read MoreCatalan Modernist Theater: From European Influence to Rusiñol’s Legacy
Catalan Modernist Theater
European Influence
Catalan playwrights continued to draw inspiration from Europe’s most prominent authors. The foreign influence helped regenerate the Catalan regional scene and broaden its horizons. Catalan modernist works were influenced by Belgian Maurice Maeterlinck, German Gerhart Hauptmann, and especially Norwegian Henrik Ibsen. Slowly, the romantic theater model in Catalonia was replaced by one from northern Europe, thanks to authors such as Joan Puig i Ferreter, Ignasi
Read MoreSpanish Second Republic & Civil War: A Concise History
Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
The Coup d’état
On September 13, 1923, Primo de Rivera launched a coup in Barcelona. King Alfonso XIII subsequently ordered him to form a new regime, thus ending the parliamentary system of the Restoration. Primo de Rivera justified the coup by citing the regime’s weakness, social conflicts, and national division. His rhetoric emphasized regeneration and popular support. The coup succeeded largely due to backing from the middle class, seeking order, and the Catalan
Read MoreAnalysis of Three Poems by Vicent Andrés Estellés
Night: A Poem of Grief and Devotion
This poem, from the book “Night” (1956), was written when Estellés was 32 years old. Dedicated to St. Vincent Ferrer, it expresses the profound sadness of losing a daughter and the exhaustion of caring for an ill wife. The poet seeks solace and protection from the saint, highlighting the misery of life and the longing for relief.
The poem’s tone is somber and melancholic, with vivid imagery like “a moon like bitter gall” conveying the poet’s despair. The allusion
Read MoreSpanish Renaissance Literature: Poetry, Prose, and Novels
Spanish Renaissance Literature
Garcilaso de la Vega (1501-1536)
Garcilaso de la Vega, the prototype of the Renaissance gentleman, soldier, and poet, embodied the ideals of arms and letters. His poetic career, which completes the process of assimilation of Renaissance forms and Italian trends initiated by other authors, can be divided into three creative periods:
- Influence of the poetry of song: This period alternates octosyllabic compositions. His verses still lack Petrarchan elements, there are many
Understanding Abnormal Psychology & Mental Disorders
Psychopathology Notes
Criteria for Abnormal Behavior
Distress
How do we know it when we see it?
- Discomfort
- Behavior
- Speech pattern
Abnormal behavior refers to patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that are atypical, distressing, dysfunctional, and sometimes dangerous.
Impairment
- In major life functions: struggle at work or at school, in relationships
- AKA “psychological disability”
Cultural “Inappropriateness”
- Or behaviors that are “culturally unexpected”?
Diagnosing Syndromes, Not Symptoms
- The difference