Majorcan School: A Renaissance in Mallorcan Poetry
The Majorcan School: A Literary Renaissance
The Majorcan School, a literary movement originating in Mallorca in 1870, united Mallorcan poets with a shared cultural identity. While chronologically coinciding with the broader Renaissance and Modernist periods, the school’s distinct style marked a formal beginning to 20th-century literature in Mallorca, enduring until 1950.
Generations of Poets
Several generations of poets contributed to the Majorcan School, including:
- Miquel Costa i Llobera
- Joan Alcover
- Maria
Medieval Spain: A Concise History
Caliphate of Cordoba
Established as the brightest period in Al-Andalus history, it peaked in the early eleventh century. Abd-Al-Rahman III’s proclamation as Caliph consolidated Umayyad independence, uniting religious, political, and military leadership. This era saw the suppression of internal rebellions, halting Christian advances, and fostering cultural and artistic splendor. Al-Mansur’s military campaigns against Christians, including the alleged defeat in 1002, marked the beginning of the Caliphate’
Read MoreSelf-Financing and Commercial Credit: A Comprehensive Guide
Self-Financing
Self-financing refers to using undistributed retained earnings for expansion or maintenance. This allows firms to avoid resorting to financial institutions or soliciting new contributions from members.
Types of Self-Financing
Enrichment
Retained earnings held as reserves increase the company’s share capital. These reserves can be:
- Legal: Formed in accordance with applicable laws, typically a minimum percentage of profits.
- Statutory: Established by agreements outlined in the company’s statutes.
Baroque and Neoclassicism in Arts: Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting
Baroque Art
Architecture
Exuberance (decorative excess). Living plants and cajón. The transept tends to be small or disappear. A single ship. First Stage: Dim Baroque, the influence of Juan de Herrera. Wood and gypsum (poor materials). Encamonada vault: wood covered with plaster. Juan Gómez de Mora (clergy of Salamanca, Plaza Mayor, Casa de la Panadería, Madrid City Council) and Toledo, Altarpiece Clerecía (zigzag broken line, spiral columns). Second Stage: Outside Baroque, plane stipes (inverted
Read MoreThe Spanish Civil War: A Concise Overview
The Uprising and Early Stages
In July 1936, Colonel Yagüe initiated a military rebellion against the Second Spanish Republic in Melilla. While many military units joined the coup, including Falangists and Carlists, the government’s response was slow. The uprising saw initial success in some areas, but ultimately failed in key industrial centers like Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia after intense fighting from July 17th to 20th. This division marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
The rebels,
Read MoreRomanesque Art and Architecture
Architecture
Construction of this building, intended to house relics of the Apostle Thomas, began in 1075. Roberto and Bernardo the Elder started with the header, followed by the transept by Maestro Esteban, the higher arm by Bernardo the Younger, and finally the Portico de la Gloria by Maestro Mateo. The work, spanning a century, represents a major example of a pilgrimage church with a prominent Latin cross arm. The transept is formed by three naves and a very distinct crossing. The nave is covered
Read MoreThe Rise of Political Tensions in Spain (1933-1936)
Initial Reactions and Decline of the Republican-Socialist Government
The government’s supporters reacted swiftly, with the courts approving the Agrarian Reform Law and the Catalan Autonomy Statute. In Catalonia, Francesc Maciá’s Esquerra Republicana won the first autonomic elections. Despite this, the republican-socialist government weakened. The Casas Viejas incident, where the Civil Guard killed anarchist peasants, further destabilized the government, leading to new elections in November 1933.
Read MoreEarly 20th Century Catalan Politics: From Commonwealth to Dictatorship
Early 20th Century Catalan Politics
The Rise of Republicanism
The Federal Republican Party (PRC), founded in 1917 and led by Francesc Layret, Marcel·lí Domingo, and Lluis Companys, emerged in Catalonia. Francesc Macià founded the Catalan State in 1922. These groups formed the basis of the Republican Left of Catalonia, founded in 1931. Rafael Campalans, Gabriel Alomar, Manuel Serra i Moret left the PSOE to found the Socialist Union of Catalonia in 1923. The early 20th-century Catalan political
Read More19th Century Spain: Agricultural and Social Transformations
1. Introduction: The 19th Century in Spain
The 19th century in Spain was marked by industrialization, leading to increased production. By the end of the century, capitalist social relations had consolidated. The Spain of 1900 differed greatly from that of 1800, with significant changes in the economy and society. Small farms gave way to populous cities with markets and theaters, reflecting a modernizing society. The clergy lost privileges, and new social classes emerged.
2. Agricultural Transformations:
Read MoreMandate in Civil Law: A Comprehensive Guide
Mandate
What is a Mandate?
A mandate is a contract where the Principal authorizes the Agent to perform legal acts on their behalf.
How Can a Mandate Be Granted?
According to Section 2807, a mandate can be granted:
- In a deed.
- In a signed and notarized letter, ratified by two witnesses.
- In a signed letter with two witnesses (without ratification).
General vs. Special Mandate
General Mandate
A general mandate grants the Agent broad authority to manage the Principal’s affairs and assets. It typically involves
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