Personality Disorders: A Psychoanalytic Perspective
Organization Psychotic
Schizoid
Fixation at the separation-individuation phase. Division between object relations into good and bad. Impoverishment of interpersonal relationships. Replacement of relationships with a fantasy life. Social withdrawal. Apparent lack of affects, resulting in an empty affective experience and interpersonal life.
Borderline
Impulsive interpersonal interactions. Intrapsychic life is acted out in interpersonal patterns, often replaced by impulsive and repetitive behaviors. Intensity
Read MoreRestoration of the Spanish Monarchy (1874-1902): Alfonso XII & Regency
Restoration of the Spanish Monarchy (1874-1902)
Restoration of the Monarchy
Following six years of political instability after the First Spanish Republic (1873-1874), a sense of lawlessness emerged, threatening the existing social order. This led to the dictatorship of Serrano in 1874. The army, the Church, and the upper classes sought a solution, culminating in the restoration of the monarchy under Alfonso XII, son of Isabel II, spearheaded by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. Cánovas, the architect
Read MoreBirth of the United States and the Bourbon Dynasty
Birth of the U.S.
Since the early 18th century, inhabitants of the thirteen British colonies in eastern North America criticized British policies. They protested constant taxes and lack of political representation. Enlightenment ideals fueled desires for freedom and independence. Protests and uprisings against colonial authorities increased, met with harsh responses from the British army. In 1773, a new British tax on tea, a commodity in high demand, sparked further outrage. That December, Bostonians
Read MoreNietzsche: A Philosophical Journey
Nietzsche’s Life and Thought
Friedrich Nietzsche’s life and work significantly impacted the 19th century, reflecting the era’s transformative changes. This period witnessed workers’ revolutions, the rise of international workers’ movements, socialism, anarchism, and the conservative counter-revolution. It also saw the clash between old aristocratic values and emerging democratic ideals.
Cultural Context
The 19th century’s cultural landscape featured an apparent break from established norms. Painting,
Read MoreThe Cold War and Post-War Transformations
Unit 4: The World Split (The Cold War)
The Dawn of the Cold War
At the end of World War II, relations between the Soviet Union and the United States, now a superpower, underwent a radical change. For the next 40 years, both were the protagonists of the Cold War.
It was never a direct armed confrontation between the superpowers, but the danger to the entire planet was immense, since both countries possessed enough nuclear weapons to achieve the total destruction of the enemy.
The United Nations
After
Read More19th-Century Social and Political Movements
The Class Society
The bourgeoisie disrupted the social structure of the Old Regime, giving rise to a new society based on wealth. This new class society was characterized by social mobility and the loss of traditional privileges. The rise of the bourgeoisie as the dominant group in all aspects of life led to the emergence and development of a new class, the urban proletariat, composed of industrial workers. Individuals were categorized based on their means of production or their labor, which they
Read MoreJustice of Aragon & Castilian Municipalities: A Historical Overview
Section 3: The Justice of Aragon
The Justice of Aragon, a medieval institution, was suppressed by the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707 and 1711. Resurrected by Aragon’s Statute of Autonomy, its powers, while strengthened, differ from its historical role. Current reform efforts aim to expand its scope as a regional ombudsman.
Several theories address its origin:
- The institution stemmed from the Kingdom of Aragon’s elective monarchy, where noble houses elected a chief justice before choosing the king (
Human Needs and Personal Growth: A Path to Self-Actualization
Human Needs
1. Physiological Needs
These fundamental needs maintain our basic physiological equilibrium, essential for our well-being as human beings.
2. Safety Needs
Feeling safe from dangers and threats in a hostile world is paramount. Initially, we seek closeness to those who provide security. Gradually, we develop an understanding of our surroundings, working to cover basic needs and cultivate a sense of safety.
3. Love and Belonging
We all need to be cherished and accepted, to belong to a group and
Read MoreNational Fiscal Control System Regulations
Article 22 .- The grounds for dismissal, in addition to those provided in the laws governing this area and those provided in the Staff Regulations, the following:
1. Act adversely affecting the good name, or the interests of the Comptroller or any public body;
2. Recommend to people to obtain benefits or benefits in its procedures to the Comptroller or to any of the entities under their control;
March. Inadequacy, inefficiency or incompetence in the provision of service.
Title II: National Fiscal
Read MoreSpain’s Natural Landscapes & Human Impact: An Environmental Overview
Natural Landscapes of Spain
The Oceanic Landscape
Located on the northern peninsula, encompassing the Cantabrian coast and Galicia, this landscape is characterized by an oceanic climate with abundant and regular rainfall, and low-temperature variations due to the influence of the sea. The Cantabrian side boasts most of the rivers. Siliceous rock supports brown earth, while limestone areas feature calcareous brown earth.
The Mediterranean Landscape
This landscape dominates the southern peninsula, the
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