BPCC-105 Final Exam: Key Concepts Review

BPCC-105: Final 20-Point Review Checklist

I. Foundations and Ethics

  1. Goals of Research: The four goals are to Describe (what), Explain (why/cause), Predict (when/relationship), and Control (influence behavior). Scientific research must achieve these systematically.
  2. Characteristics of Science: Research must be Empirical (based on observation), Objective (unbiased), Verifiable (replicable), and Systematic (planned steps) to maintain scientific rigor and credibility.
  3. Ethical Issues (Mandatory): Researchers
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Indian Income Tax Provisions: PY, Deductions, and Incidence

1. Definition of the Term ‘Previous Year’

The concept of ‘Previous Year’ (PY) is fundamental to the system of income taxation in India and is defined under Section 3 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The core principle of income tax is that income earned in one year is taxed in the next year.

  • Definition: The Previous Year (PY) is the financial year immediately preceding the Assessment Year (AY). It is the year in which the income is earned or accrued.
  • Duration: A financial year starts on April 1st and ends
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The Chilean Civil Code of 1855: History, Principles, and Interpretation

The Chilean Civil Code: Definition and Scope

The Civil Code is a singular, orderly, and systematic body of private law—a legal framework designed to regulate the civil relations between individuals. Since the nineteenth century, countries across Europe, Latin America, and several nations in Africa, Asia, and Oceania have enacted civil codes.

Historical Context of the Chilean Civil Code

Once independence was achieved, the American nations detached from Spain continued to apply the old, complicated

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Intracranial Pathology: Brain Tumors, ICP, and Abscess Management

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

The skull is a rigid compartment. Any added volume (tumor, blood, edema, or CSF) raises the Intracranial Pressure (ICP). ICP is considered elevated when it is greater than 20 mmHg (normal is typically less than 15 mmHg).

The relationship between ICP and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) is critical: CPP = MAP − ICP. A rising ICP reduces CPP, leading to cerebral ischemia.

Causes of Elevated ICP

  • Intracranial mass (tumor, hematoma, large infarct)
  • Cerebral edema
  • Hydrocephalus
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Python Programming Examples: Financial, Retail, and Travel Systems

1. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) System

Problem Summary: Create a menu allowing users to Deposit, Withdraw, Change PIN, and Check Balance. Key Logic: Use a while True loop to keep the program running until the “Exit” option is chosen.

Initial Setup

# --- INITIAL SETUP ---
balance = 5000  # Starting money
pin = 1234      # Default PIN
print("--- WELCOME TO ATM ---")

ATM Operations Loop

while True:
    # 1. Display Menu [cite: 16]
    print("\n1. Deposit  2. Withdraw  3. Check Balance  4. Change PIN  
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Core Concepts in Social Science and Philosophy

Foundations of Social and Natural Sciences

Social Science
The foundation and growth of human society.
Natural Science
Explains and predicts phenomena in nature.
Political Science
The study of politics, institutions, and its processes.
Sociology
The scientific study of society.
Anthropology
The study of human beings, their origins, society, and cultures.

Fundamental Sociological Concepts

Institution
An organized system of social relationships that represents society’s common values.
Social Relationships
Relationships
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Relational Database Theory: Algebra, Calculus, and FDs

SQL Constraints and Implementation

Constraints are rules applied to columns to ensure Data Integrity. They are usually defined during the CREATE TABLE process.

ConstraintSQL Implementation ExamplePurpose
NOT NULLname VARCHAR(50) NOT NULLEnsures a column cannot have an empty value.
UNIQUEemail VARCHAR(50) UNIQUEEnsures all values in a column are different.
PRIMARY KEYid INT PRIMARY KEYUniquely identifies each row (implies NOT NULL + UNIQUE).
FOREIGN KEYdept_id INT REFERENCES Dept(id)Ensures the value exists
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Mastering English Sentence Structure and Connectors

Common Connectors and Adverbs: Usage Contrast

Contrasting Uses of Conjunctions and Adverbs

  • But

    Used for contrast or destination.

    Example: Do not go over today, but tomorrow.

  • If

    Introduces a condition. Note: Check if removing “not” changes the sentence meaning.

    Example: He said if I died with him.

  • Because

    Causal conjunction (Since, For).

    Example: They moved slowly because it was dangerous.

  • Why (Relative)

    Used as a relative element (e.g., ‘the reason why’).

    Example: The walking trail was ugly. (Note: This example

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Acting Techniques: Improvisation and Character Building

Unit II – Acting and Improvisation (12 Hours)

1. Introduction to Acting

  • Acting is the art of representing a character on stage or screen through speech, movement, and emotion.

  • It requires understanding human behavior and expressing it truthfully in imaginary situations.

  • The goal of acting is to make the audience believe in the character and situation.


2. Improvisation in Acting

  • Improvisation means performing without a written script, relying on creativity and spontaneity.

  • It helps actors explore emotions,

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Business Strategy: Value Chain, Five Forces & E-commerce

What Is Porter’s Value Chain Model?

  • It is a strategic business tool introduced by Michael Porter.

  • It helps a company analyze its internal activities to see how it creates value for its customers.

  • The “value” is the amount customers are willing to pay for a product or service.

  • The goal is to identify activities where the company can reduce costs or add more value (differentiation) to gain a competitive advantage.

  • The model splits a company’s activities into two categories: Primary Activities and Support

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