Sustainability Concepts: Planetary Boundaries and Economic Models
Core Environmental Agreements and Concepts
Paris Agreement Pledges
- Limit: 1.5–2°C temperature increase.
- Three Pledges: Mitigation, Adaptation, and Climate Finance.
- COP: Conference of the Parties.
Climate Justice and Resource Use
Climate Injustice: Characterized by low responsibility but high impact.
Ecological Footprint Metrics
- Ecological Footprint: Compares resource use against Earth’s regenerative capacity.
- Earth Overshoot Day: The date when humanity has exhausted the resources the Earth can regenerate
Environmental Systems and Agricultural Practices in New Zealand
Environmental Systems & Agriculture
Agricultural System Components
Inputs:
- land
- water
- fertiliser
- labour
- energy
- capital
Processes:
- cultivation
- irrigation
- grazing
- harvesting
Outputs:
- food
- fibre
- waste
- emissions
- by-products
Key Drivers
Population growth, market demand, policy incentives, technology, climate.
Sustainability Principles
- Efficiency: maximise yield per input.
- Resilience: ability to recover from disturbance.
- Circularity: reuse and recycle nutrients and energy.
Environmental Pressures
- Nutrient runoff → eutrophication
- Greenhouse
Depreciation Methods, GST Journal Entries & Accounting Concepts
Depreciation Methods: Straight-Line and Diminishing Balance
Choosing the appropriate depreciation method is crucial for accurate financial reporting. The two most common methods are the Straight-Line Method (SLM) and the Diminishing Balance Method (DBM) (also known as Written Down Value or Declining Balance). Each has distinct merits and demerits, making them suitable for different types of assets and business objectives.
Straight-Line Method (SLM)
📈 The Straight-Line Method allocates an equal amount
Read MoreCálculos Financieros Hoteleros y de Restaurante: BEP, EBITDA y Cash Flow
Cuadro de Premisas
- 1 – Days
- 2 – Available rooms per month o puede ser directamente 365 dependiendo de cómo lo desglose = Número de rooms * days
- 3 – %OCC
- 4 – Rooms sold = Available rooms * OCC
- 5 – ADR → Si no me lo da es = ingreso por hab / hab vendidas
- 6 – Room Revenue = ADR * Rooms sold
- 7 – Additional revenues / incomes = Room revenue * el porcentaje de other income o sales
- 8 – Total Revenues / incomes = Add. revenues + Room revenue
Cálculo de los Costes Variables
Ahora se calculan los total variable
Literary Analysis: Feminist and Psychoanalytic Readings
Literary Analysis of Key Texts
Anne Sexton’s “The Frog Prince”
Anne Sexton’s poem “The Frog Prince” presents a feminist retelling of the traditional fairy tale by revealing how women’s consent and bodily autonomy are ignored in patriarchal stories. Instead of portraying the frog as charming or misunderstood, Sexton describes him as threatening and disgusting, which highlights how the princess is pressured into an unwanted relationship.
Aggression and Entitlement
From the start, the frog
Read MoreData Visualization Principles and Web Implementation
Visualization Fundamentals
The ability to analyze data, process it, extract value, visualize it, and communicate it is an extremely important skill, given the ubiquitous availability of data today. The primary goals of visualization include:
- Recording information.
- Analyzing data to support reasoning, such as confirming hypotheses (e.g., John Snow’s work during the London Cholera Outbreak in 1854).
- Communicating ideas to others.
Visualization functions effectively by addressing the fundamental limitations
Read MoreResearch Problem Definition, Characteristics, and Investigation
1. Meaning and Sources of a Research Problem
Answer:
A research problem is a clear, specific, and well-defined issue or question that a researcher intends to study systematically. It represents a gap between the existing state of knowledge and the desired state, which requires investigation. A well-formulated research problem provides direction to the entire research process and helps in deciding objectives, methodology, and data collection techniques.
The sources of a research problem are varied.
Read MoreFundamentals of Modulation Techniques in Communication Systems
1. Modulation and Its Necessity
Modulation
Modulation is the process of varying a high-frequency carrier signal according to the low-frequency message (baseband) signal.
Need for Modulation
To reduce the size of the antenna (Antenna height is proportional to $\lambda/4$; without modulation, the antenna height becomes hundreds of meters).
To avoid mixing of signals (different stations use different carrier frequencies).
To increase the range of communication (High-Frequency carriers travel longer distances)
Understanding Communication Networks and Industrial Standards
Communication Networks
A communication network is the set formed by the different stations and transmission facilities that communicate, with a subnet that is part of the overall network elements that bear some relationship between them. A network consists of stations, transmission lines, and nodes.
Network Nodes and Types
A node is every point in the network which is used to select the path that provides the information transfer from one station to another. A node can be a station or a smart device.
Read MoreData Structures and Algorithms Concepts Explained
1. Algorithm Fundamentals
Definition and Characteristics of an Algorithm
An algorithm is a structured step-by-step procedure designed to solve a specific problem efficiently and correctly.
- Input Requirement: It may accept zero or more input values that provide necessary data for producing meaningful results.
- Output Requirement: It always produces at least one definite output representing the final answer of the computation.
- Finiteness Property: Every valid algorithm must complete execution after a limited