Market Dynamics: Demand, Supply, and Consumer Behavior
Demand and supply are the fundamental forces that drive a market economy. They determine what is produced, in what quantity, and at what price.
1. Understanding Demand
Demand is the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices.
* Individual Demand: The quantity of a commodity that a single consumer is willing to buy at a specific price during a given period.
* Market Demand: The total sum of all individual demands for a particular good in the market. It is
Algorithmic Paradigms: Greedy, DP, and Backtracking
Greedy Approach
A Greedy Algorithm is a problem–
Solving strategy that makes the choice that looks best at the moment at each stage, hoping this local optimum will lead to a global optimum.
Key Characteristics
1.
Local Optimal Choice:
It focuses on making the locally best decision without considering the consequences for future steps.
2
No Reconsideration:
Once a choice is made, it is permanent and never revisited or revised (it is “short-sighted”).
3
Speed:
They are often simpler and faster to implement
Read MoreNon-Conventional Machining Processes: EDM, ECM, LBM, EBM, USM, PAM
Part A — Section A Answers
i. Electrolyte is used in electric discharge machining.
👉 False
ii. Dielectric is used in EDM (Electric Discharge Machining) process.
iii. Full form of LASER:
👉 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
iv. Full form of TPM:
👉 Total Productive Maintenance
v. For precise and narrow cutting which machining process is suitable?
👉 Laser Beam Machining (LBM)
vi. Non-conducting material can be machined in EDM.
👉 False
vii. Name any shielding gas used in arc
Read MoreIndian Sedimentary Basins and Sedimentary Structures
1. Sedimentary Basins
Definition: A sedimentary basin is a low-lying area of the Earth’s crust that undergoes subsidence and accumulates sediments over geological time.
Sediments may be clastic, chemical or biogenic.
Basins preserve information about tectonics, climate, provenance and resources.
2. Physiography of India and Basin Settings
India shows diverse physiographic divisions.
Major units:
- Himalayan orogenic belt
- Indo-Gangetic plain
- Peninsular craton
- Coastal plains
- Continental shelf and deep sea
Basin
Darkness, Light, and Moral Courage in Small Things Like These
Imagery in Small Things Like These
In Small Things Like These, Claire Keegan uses simple but powerful imagery to reveal the hidden cruelty and silence of Irish society in the 1980s. The novella is set in winter, and Keegan repeatedly uses images of darkness and light, cold and warmth, and confinement and openness to reflect Bill Furlong’s moral journey. This imagery helps the reader understand both the emotional atmosphere of the story and its key themes of silence, institutional power, and moral
Read MoreHuman Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal, Muscular, Cardiovascular Systems
Skeletal & Articular System
Anatomical Position
Standing upright, facing forward, feet flat, slightly apart, toes forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away. This position is the reference point for describing movement.
Terms to Describe Movement
- Flexion: Decrease joint angle
- Extension: Increase joint angle
- Abduction: Movement away from midline
- Adduction: Movement toward midline
- Plantar flexion: Pointing toes downward
- Dorsiflexion: Bringing toes upward
- Supination: Palm up
- Pronation:
Business Structures, Financial Metrics and Management Essentials
Sole Proprietorship
Sole proprietorship: unlimited liability, very easy to create, owner 18+, low taxes, easy to dissolve, hard to expand.
Partnerships
General partnership: minimum 2 owners, unlimited liability, difficult to transfer ownership.
Limited partnership: shared responsibilities, more resources available.
Corporations
S-Corporation
S-Corp: maximum 100 shareholders, avoids double taxation; has shareholders’ meetings and a board of directors.
C-Corporation
C-Corp: double taxation — corporation
Essential Numerical Methods with C Examples
Essential Numerical Methods with C Examples
1. Newton-Raphson (Nonlinear Equation)
Algorithm (Very Simple Version)
- Read starting guess (x)
- Read tolerance (how small the error should be)
- Repeat many times:
- Calculate function value f(x)
- Calculate slope f'(x)
- If slope is almost zero → stop (bad)
- New x = x − f(x) / f'(x)
- If change is very small → stop (found answer)
- Show the root
C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
double f(double x){ return x*x*x - 2*x - 5; }
double df(double x){ return 3*Children’s Literature for Early Childhood: Genres, Storytelling & Activities
Children’s Literature: Functions and Genres
Children’s literature includes all productions and activities that use words for artistic and creative purposes, with the child as the audience. The first contact with literature happens through experiences offered by adults, such as lullabies, songs, and first stories, fostering memory, vocabulary, diction, body expression, creativity, communication, and emotional development. Its main genres are narrative (story and novel), poetry, which provides rhythm
Read MoreE‑Commerce Types, Payments, UX and Social Media Strategies
E‑commerce: Definition and Purpose
E‑COMMERCE
Commercial transactions conducted electronically on the Internet.
E‑Commerce Types
- B2C: The exchange of products, information, or services between a business and consumers in a retail relationship. Transactions are conducted directly between a company and consumers who are the end users of its products, services, or information.
- B2B: Exchange between businesses. Advantages: improved operations, reduced costs, and increased productivity.
- B2B2C: Example: