Mercantilism, Economic Nationalism, and US Trade Policy
Mercantilism and Economic Nationalism
Mercantilism is a historical and theoretical perspective that views international economic relations as a zero-sum game in which states compete for a finite amount of wealth and power. The state plays a central role in protecting national sovereignty and accumulating resources, especially through trade surpluses, protectionist policies, and colonial expansion. Key thinkers such as Thomas Mun and Jean-Baptiste Colbert promoted state intervention to maximize exports
Read MorePharmacology of NSAIDs, Anticoagulants, and Diuretics
NSAIDs: Classification and Mechanism of Action
NSAIDs have the following group of drugs:
- 1. Analgesic
- 2. Antipyretic
- 3. Anti-inflammatory
Classification of NSAIDs
A. Nonselective COX Inhibitors (Traditional NSAIDs)
- Salicylates: Aspirin
- Propionic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen.
- Anthranilic acid derivative: Mefenamic acid
- Aryl-acetic acid derivatives: Diclofenac, Aceclofenac.
- Oxicam derivatives: Piroxicam, Tenoxicam.
- Pyrrolo-pyrrole derivative: Ketorolac
- Indole derivative: Indomethacin.
C Programs: Tower of Hanoi and Singly Linked List
C Programs: Tower of Hanoi and Singly Linked List
Includes: Two C programs: a recursive Tower of Hanoi solver and a singly linked list implementation with stack demo. The original code has been preserved, formatted, and corrected for spelling, grammar, and readability.
Tower of Hanoi – C Program
#include <stdio.h>
void tower_hanoi(int n, char src, char dest, char temp) {
if (n == 1) {
printf("\nMove disk %d from peg %c to peg %c", n, src, dest);
return;
}
tower_hanoi(Critique of Enlightenment Reason: Romanticism and Freud
Critique of Enlightenment Reason
This criticism has two moments:
The Romantic Movement
The Romantic movement was a cultural, artistic, and political force, noted for its denial of science and its power over human concerns. This was because science was considered absolute and unchangeable, contrary to human desire. At this time, there was a revaluation of religion because it was seen as closer to the fundamental questions of human existence than science or capitalism.
Enlightenment Ideals vs. Romantic
Read MoreEssential Concepts in Modern Language Teaching and Assessment
Language Teaching Methodologies and Assessment
Core Teaching Approaches
TBLT (Task-Based Language Teaching)
This is a student-centered approach where language development happens most effectively when learners perform meaningful tasks (e.g., planning a trip, solving a local issue). It focuses on language use over explicit grammar rules.
PBL (Project/Problem-Based Learning)
An extended, hands-on, inquiry-based methodology where students investigate a complex, authentic problem or challenge. The core outcome
Read MoreEssential Concepts in Digital Technology and Cyber Security
1. Hotspot and Broadband Explained with Examples
Hotspot: A hotspot is a wireless access point created using a mobile phone or router to share internet over Wi-Fi. It allows multiple devices to connect simultaneously. For example, turning on the hotspot on a smartphone enables a laptop to access the internet.
Broadband: Broadband refers to high-speed, always-on internet delivered through DSL, fiber optics, or cable networks. It supports activities like streaming, online classes, and gaming. Examples
Political Consolidation: Alfonso XII and the Spanish Restoration (1874-1902)
Political Developments: Alfonso XII (1874-1885) and María Cristina’s Regency (1885-1902)
The Reign of Alfonso XII (1875-1885)
This period represents the consolidation of Cánovas’s political system. The government primarily served the Conservative Party, making Cánovas del Castillo the main protagonist of the era. He successfully restored the Bourbon monarchy in Spain and stabilized the political system through several key achievements:
- Promulgation of the 1876 Constitution.
- Ending the prominence
Key Concepts in International Trade Regulation and Customs Law
Incoterms (ICC Rules)
Incoterms define the allocation of costs, transfer of risk, delivery point, and responsibilities for transport, insurance, and customs. They do not regulate the transfer of ownership, breach of contract, or payment methods.
Group E: Departure (Maximum Buyer Obligation)
- EXW (Ex Works): The seller makes goods available at their own premises. The buyer bears all costs and risks from that point. The seller has no obligation to load or clear goods for export.
Group F: Main Carriage
Read MoreHistorical Foundations of Indian Law and Social Evolution
Unit 1: Foundations of History and Law
The Relationship Between History and Law
History and Law are closely interrelated disciplines because law evolves from the historical experiences of society. History records customs, traditions, conflicts, and social changes, while law gives these experiences a formal and enforceable structure. In early societies, long-followed customs gradually developed into binding legal rules. Major historical events such as revolutions, reform movements, and struggles for
Read MoreOperating System Exam Notes: Scheduling and Memory Management
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Here are 4–5 line, exam-ready answers for each topic you listed:
Operating System Concepts: Part 1
1. FCFS (First Come First Serve) Scheduling
FCFS is a non-preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm where processes are executed in the order of their arrival. The process that arrives first gets the CPU first. It is simple to implement using a queue. However, it can cause long waiting times and the convoy effect.
2. SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling
SJF selects the process with the shortest
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