Ortega y Gasset: Stages of Thought and Key Philosophical Concepts
Ortega y Gasset
Stages of his thought:
1. Objectivism: There is the problem of Spain. He developed a doctrine that states that the saving grace necessary is science. The decline stems from the lack of science, and science is theory. Objectivity, accuracy, and reasonableness are the method. Subjectivity is error.
2. The Circumstance: The discovery is the concept of circumstances. Ortega referred to two major circumstances: Greek thought and Western Judeo-Christian thought (historical circumstances).
Read MoreDatabase Fundamentals and Table Relationships
Database Fundamentals
DATABASE: A collection of information stored in an organized manner. There are different classes of databases:
- Documentary Database: Also called a simple file, it contains information in a single table. Common data across multiple records must be repeated for each of them.
- Relational Database: These use related or linked tables. Thus, you can enter information so that data are tied to one another.
Key Database Components
- TABLES: A data set collected in rows and columns, which are
The Path to Democracy in Spain: 1975-1982
Spain’s Transition to Democracy: 1975-1982
The Early Years of the Transition
After the death of Franco on November 20, 1975, and according to the rules laid down by him, on the 22nd, Juan Carlos I was proclaimed King of Spain. This marked the beginning of a key period in the history of Spain, called the “Transition,” which would last until the full consolidation of democracy.
The monarch’s aim was to establish a modern democracy in Spain. He decided to dismiss Arias Navarro, as he did not consider
Read MoreAncient Architecture: From Roman Innovations to Greek Orders
800 BCE – 500 BCE Ancient Rome
The Roman conception of reconstruction in antiquity can be characterized as ‘urban’, dampening the interest in the solving of the inner-city space by the composition of public buildings, parks, and palaces. In ancient Rome, urbanism was developed with its forums, streets, and public buildings such as the Colosseum, Circus Maximus, spas, and engineering structures: bridges, roads, aqueducts, etc.
Roman Innovations in Architecture
1. Arches, Vaults, and Domes: Romans
Read MoreEarth’s Surface: Landforms, Fossils, and Tectonic Shifts
**Modeling Farm**
For wind activity to act effectively, there must be plenty of loose materials, little vegetation, and low humidity.
**Forms of Erosion**
- Wind picks up loose material and moves it (deflation), polishing the rock surface (abrasion).
- Alveoli: Small cavities produced in rocks.
- Mushroom Rocks: Mushroom shapes are provided to isolated rock masses.
- Desert Pavement: An area of desert covered by a thick carpet of rocks.
**Forms of Sedimentation**
- Dunes: Deposits of sand transported by the wind.
Production Planning and Control: From Strategy to Scheduling
**Item 14: Planning and Production Control**
Operations Planning: Medium and Short Term
The process of planning and controlling production should follow a hierarchical approach in which vertical integration is achieved between the strategic and tactical objectives of the production system. It should also establish its horizontal relationship with other functional areas of the company. There are different hierarchical levels when making operations planning, depending on the horizon, but it is conditioned
Read MoreUrban Systems and Environmental Impacts in Catalonia, Spain
The Catalan-Spanish Urban System
The Spanish urban system: Not a closed system, but cities relate to urban centers in other countries. These relationships have intensified, particularly after the incorporation of Spain into the EU in 1986 and from the globalization of the world economy. However, for reasons of proximity and economy, the Spanish urban system is integrated within the urban system of Western Europe. This system is connected via two communication lines: a principal axis, which is the
Read MoreColonial Expansion: Africa and Asia in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Organization of the Colonies
Colonies were governed and administered by the metropolis. The indigenous population was subjected by law.
Dominions or colonies of settlement were characteristic of the British Empire. These were colonies of white people who had emigrated to the colonies, establishing their way of life. Regarding domestic policy, the metropolis granted self-government (self-government, parliament, etc.), but in foreign policy, they relied on the metropolis, as seen in Australia and New
Read MoreStrategic Planning and Business Management: Key Concepts
1. How Does the Process of Defining an Organization’s Strategy Work?
The process of defining a strategy involves creating a plan of direction, establishing standard methods of behavior, positioning the organization uniquely, and developing tactics to outmaneuver competitors.
2. What Opportunities Does Establishing a Formal Strategy Offer?
Establishing a formal strategy enables an organization to:
- Set a common direction for all stakeholders
- Focus efforts and resources
- Define the organization and its structure
- Provide
Urban Development in Spain: Pre-Industrial to Modern Era
The Pre-Industrial City: The Old Town
Definition: The pre-industrial city is the oldest urbanized part of the city, from its origins to the beginning of industrialization in the mid-nineteenth century. It occupies a small area of great historical and artistic-cultural significance. Some, such as Toledo, Mérida, Segovia, Santiago de Compostela, Salamanca, Ávila, Córdoba, and Alcalá, are designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Pre-Industrial Heritage
A) Common Features
- Presence of walls with