Causes and Consequences of Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship
The Causes of Military Coups: The Case of Primo de Rivera
Primo de Rivera, and his supporters (military, political parties close to the monarchy, and the ruling classes of the nineteenth century) defended his actions as a solution to end the political crisis and social unrest across the country. The reasons justifying the coup include:
- Instability and blockage of the parliamentary political system, as well as its lack of prestige due to ongoing election fraud.
- Fear of a social revolution among the
Aristotle’s Physics and Freud’s Psychology: A Deep Dive
Aristotle’s View of the Universe
Translunar Substance: The space beyond the moon extends to the universe’s edge. This realm is composed of a nearly perfect substance, though not divine. This substance is immutable, does not degrade, and maintains a perfect circular motion. The orbits of planets around the Earth mirror this perfect circularity. This is an idealized concept. There exists a subtle clay-like substance and a light ether where planets are situated. Planets are supported by this ether,
Read MoreRoman Historiography: Caesar, Nepos, and Sallust
Origins of Roman Historiography
The funeral eulogies (laudationes funebres) spoken at funerals of famous people, ancient records of judges, and especially the annals of the pontiffs, served as the foundation for Roman historiography. These practical writings with literary aspirations evolved as the Romans expanded their territories after the First Punic War (264-241 BC). They began to record their history as political propaganda and national affirmation, documenting events year by year, similar to
Read MoreAristotle’s Philosophy: Soul, Knowledge, and Happiness
The Powers of the Soul
On the other hand, defining the soul in terms of life or self-movement also implies that all living things have souls, that is, have a life. Man has a rational soul, animals have a sensitive soul, and plants have a vegetative soul. These are not species of a genus, but different realities, each of which is characterized by specific functions. The higher possesses all the lower functions, as well as its own.
Abstraction, Agent, and Patient Understanding
According to the unitary
Read MoreUS Electoral Process, Interest Groups, Congress, and Presidency
Chapter 9: Campaigns, Nominations and Elections
The American electoral process has undergone considerable change. Increasingly, election campaigns have evolved from being party-centered to being candidate-centered. Most candidates for major office are nominated through a primary election. To nominate a presidential candidate, parties employ a mix of presidential primaries, local caucuses, and party conventions. In seeking election, an incumbent usually enjoys an advantage over a challenger,
Read MoreUnderstanding Production Factor Markets: Labor, Capital, and Land
Production Factor Markets
The production of a good (or service provision) requires the use of certain resources.
The main resources are labor, capital and land.
Capital includes machinery, infrastructure, buildings, etc., which means any element that the company’s fixed assets manufactured by man, and as such is used in the production process.
When a company needs a factor of production goes to their respective markets to purchase.
In each of these markets for productive factors there is a supply and
Key Concepts in Corporate Finance: A Comprehensive Review
Key Concepts in Corporate Finance
1. Primary financial goal of financial management: maximize market value of owners equity.
2. Characteristics of a corporation include: Limited owner’s liability, No operating control.
3. C corp pays income taxes at the business level, and then owners pay taxes on the same earnings when distributed.
4. Dividends are determined by the corporation’s board of directors.
5. Investor’s capital is best characterized as the: sum of the market value of debt and the market value
Read MoreSpain’s 1808 Crisis: War and Political Revolution
The Crisis of 1808: War of Independence and Political Revolution
At the beginning of the reign of Charles IV, the French Revolution (1789) caused fear throughout Europe that revolutionary proposals would spread. Relations with France went through three stages:
- Stage One (Neutrality) (1789-1792): Revolutionary ideas reached Spain, and the governments of Charles IV opted for neutrality and repression, but these ideas penetrated the learned and the people.
- Stage Two (War) (1792-1796): In 1792, Charles
Metabolism, Plant Tissues, and Respiration
Metabolism: Catabolism and Anabolism
Catabolism is the transformation of biomolecules into simple and complex molecules, storing chemical energy released as phosphate bonds and ATP molecules. This process destroys molecules with high-energy covalent bonds through exothermic chemical reactions. Catabolism is the reverse of anabolism.
Anabolism or biosynthesis is a part of metabolism responsible for synthesizing complex organic molecules (biomolecules) from simpler ones or nutrients. It requires energy
Read MoreSpain’s 19th-20th Century: Restoration, Crisis, and Regeneration
Spain Without Pulse
The text is a contemporary testimonial narrative, journalistic in style, written by Francisco Silvela, successor to Canovas del Castillo as head of the Conservative Party.
The Restoration and its Foundations
The restoration was based on a liberal parliamentary system. The 1876 constitution, of modest nature, provided for shared sovereignty between the Courts and the Crown. The courts were organized into two chambers: the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. It proclaimed the Catholic
Read More