French Revolution: From Assembly to Consulate
National Constituent Assembly
The Constituent Assembly was led by the moderate bourgeoisie and lasted until the establishment of a constitution for France.
The king, fearing that the organization would grow and not be orderly, integrated the control of the clergy and nobility from within.
There was much despair and poverty in the popular sectors, so the king concentrated troops around Versailles. The people, to this extent, reacted and rose, storming the palace of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 (the
Read MoreMastering Photography: Techniques and Film Development
Depth of Field
Depth of field refers to the area in front of and behind the subject that appears sharp in a photograph. In other words, it is the zone of acceptable sharpness within a photo that will appear in focus. Several factors influence the depth of field:
- Aperture: The aperture controls the amount of light reaching the film or sensor.
- A more open aperture (smaller f-number) results in less depth of field.
- A more closed aperture (larger f-number) results in more depth of field.
- Focal Length:
- A longer
Economic Activity: Sectors, Factors, Systems, and Globalization
What is Economic Activity?
Any economic activity is the process by which we obtain products and services to cover our needs. It includes three phases: production, distribution, and consumption. Economics is the science that studies all aspects of economic activity.
Economic Sectors
The economic sectors are:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Generally, in a more advanced economy, the tertiary sector will have more weight. Now, we even talk about the quaternary sector: research, design, management, and treatment
Read MorePolitical Power and State: Forms, Theories, and Legitimacy
I. Political Power and the State
Power can be defined as the ability of a person or social group to impose its will on others. Power is determined by a relationship in which one element is controlled and determined by the other component of the relationship. When power relations mainly affect social functioning, there is talk of political power; that is, power is organized within the polis, in the broadest sense. Political power can be defined as the power exercised in the management, control, and
Economic Freedom and Property Rights Under the Chilean Constitution
Freedom to Develop Economic Activities and Economic Amparo
Freedom to develop economic activities, also known as Economic Amparo, was conceived as an instrument to provide protection to economic freedom, just as economic freedom is also protected by another resource called the writ of protection. (1) Both instruments aim to protect economic freedom, but a distinction must be made. While Economic Amparo has only been designed for economic freedom, the writ of protection has been designed for the protection
Read MoreLabor Law Sources: Understanding the Hierarchy and Application
Item 3: Sources of Labor Law
Table of Sources of Labor Law
The sources of labor law can be drawn from the general clauses of the sources of the Legal System. These sources include:
- The Constitution: Contains many provisions related to these sources.
- The Civil Code: Preliminary set of system sources (Article 1).
- The Organic Law on the Judiciary (LOPJ).
After the Labor Contract Law, labor law provides a specific picture of the sources of labor law that is contained in the Workers’ Statute (Article 3). The
Read MoreProteins, Amino Acids, Enzymes, and Nucleic Acids: Cellular Functions
Proteins
Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules in cells, making up 50% or more of their dry weight. They are found in all parts of all cells, as they are fundamental in all aspects of cellular structure and function. There are many different kinds of proteins, each specialized for a different biological function. Moreover, most genetic information is expressed by proteins. They belong to the class of peptides and are composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. A peptide bond
Read MoreKey Terms in Public Administration and Technology
Technology and Public Administration
- Big Data: Huge, complex datasets that are hard to manage with normal tools.
- CIO (Chief Information Officer): Person in charge of managing an organization’s technology and data security.
- Cyber Hacking: Breaking into computer systems or networks.
- Cybersecurity: Protecting data and systems from attacks or theft.
- Digital Democracy: Using technology to support democratic processes.
- E-Gov: Using technology to provide public services and communicate with citizens.
- GIS (Geographic
Spain Under Primo de Rivera: A Look at the 1923-1930 Dictatorship
Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship: 1923-1930
The second and final stage of Alfonso XIII’s reign began in 1923 with the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, supported by the king, and ended with the proclamation of the Second Republic on April 14, 1931.
On September 13, 1923, Captain General of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera, led a successful coup against the government. The government resigned, and the king handed over power to the rebels, consummating the coup, which was received favorably by most of
Read MoreForeign Exchange Market: Participants, Transactions, and Rates
Foreign Exchange Market
The foreign exchange market provides a source of credit (letters of credit).
Market Participants
- Bank and Nonbank Foreign Exchange Dealers: Bank and nonbank traders and dealers profit from buying foreign exchange at a “bid” price and reselling it at a slightly higher “offer” (also called an “ask”) price. Competition among dealers worldwide narrows the spread between bids and offers. Dealers in the foreign exchange departments of large international banks often function