Early Christianity: Origins and Development to 600 AD
Primitive Christianity
Primitive Christianity extends from the first century AD to the sixth century. Christianity, a religion that defines who is born of the Roman Empire to the east, extends across it. Religion comes from Religare and means to reunite our relationship with God. Postulates of Christianity:
- Belief in Jesus as the Son of God, and not only Son, but also God. Jesus is the foundation of Christianity to the present.
- The crucifixion (most miserable death) and resurrection of Jesus.
- The lessons
Urban Planning and City Types: Definitions and Characteristics
Urban Catchment Area
Urban Catchment Area: A zone structured around a city, on which this area plays a different role.
Historical Center
Historical Center: The part of the current city ranging from its origins to the industrial age. Usually surrounded by a wall, its layout is anarchic, with closed plots, low altitudes, and different land uses.
Urban Center
Urban Center: An urban area where the main tertiary activities are found, characterized by their accessibility, the height of buildings, and a small
Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of Primo de Rivera’s Regime
Introduction
Captain General of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera, carried out a military coup with the support of the Catalan bourgeoisie, beset by anarchist terrorism, effective from the Liceo pump.
The significant silence of the King provided the stimulus needed for the coup. Alfonso XIII commissioned Primo de Rivera to form a new government.
Causes
The factors behind the military dictatorship as a solution to the crisis in the country were among the upper bourgeoisie, the middle classes, and the
Read MoreImmanuel Kant’s Philosophy: Epistemology, Ontology, Ethics, and Politics
Epistemology
Next, we will relate the philosophy of Immanuel Kant with that of his predecessors. To do this, we will refer to the following fields of study: epistemology, ontology, ethics, and politics. Kant’s 18th century era was dominated by two trends: Rationalism (primacy of reason in the foundation of knowledge) and Empiricism (experience is the origin and limits thereof). Kant overcame these two theories and defended transcendental idealism. Thus, knowledge comes from experience, although the
Read MoreRailroad Construction and the First Republic in 19th-Century Spain
Railroad Construction in 19th-Century Spain
This is a historiography text, the work of historian G. Tortella, analyzing the historical past of Spain in the nineteenth century. It is a secondary source for the general public interested in historical subjects.
Key Themes
The author refers to the time when the Spanish state provided the basis for the development of railways in Spain and explains the reasons why it took 30 years to put it into operation, indicating underdevelopment and mismanagement by
Read MoreSpanish Poetry: Mid-20th Century Trends and Evolution
Spanish Poetry from the Mid-Twentieth Century
ITEM 12: POETRY FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Spanish Poetry After the Civil War
At the end of the war, the outlook for culture was bleak: death, exile, humiliation, or silence. The year 1939 effectively marked a year zero for poetry in Spain. With Lorca and Machado dead, and much of the Generation of ’27 in exile, the Silver Age had reached its tragic end. This resulted in a twofold division in culture: firstly, those in exile, defeated and
Read MoreNietzsche’s Philosophy: Reality, Knowledge, Humanity, and Morality
The Problem of Reality: Metaphysics
Metaphysical reality is traditionally viewed as static, fixed, and immutable. However, true reality is random and varied, characterized by becoming and multiplicity. Philosophy often asserts the true reality of things in their essence, something immutable, static, and permanent. This is evident from Plato’s differentiation between true reality and a false, superficial, apparent one. This invention of a “better world” stems from irrational instincts produced by
Read MoreNietzsche’s Philosophy: Deconstructing Western Thought
Nietzsche’s Critique of Western Philosophy
Apollo vs. Dionysus: The Origin of Tragedy
All of Nietzsche’s thinking is spearheaded by a thorough and devastating critique of the foundations of the European tradition, which is based on Platonic idealism. He seeks to dismantle the idealized image of Hellenistic culture and its ideas. Against the backdrop of Apollonian harmony emerges Dionysus, the god of life and intoxication. Tragedy, for Nietzsche, is the dissociation that begins with a yearning and
Read MoreUnderstanding the Spanish Electoral System and Suffrage
Elements of Suffrage
1. Constituency: It is divided into colleges and tables, which are territorial and personal units. The constituency is more important than schools and tables because it is the sum, and what comes out of there becomes seats.
2. The Nominations: Nominations are in each division. They are also single-member (one candidate) and multi-member (many candidates). In each district, several positions are chosen and, therefore, several candidates are presented. Whoever has the most votes
Read MoreRule of Law and Democracy: Key Principles and Features
Rule of Law: Key Features
Elías Díaz’s Definition
According to Elías Díaz, the rule of law is characterized by:
- Division of powers
- Legality of the administration
- Recognition and guarantee of fundamental rights
Under the rule of law, the top executive and legislative powers are governed by the people.
Constitutional Recognition
- The existence of a division of powers, which has some connections.
- The existence of a highly developed administration gives more power to the executive.
- The Spanish Constitution