Slope Stabilization Techniques: Methods and Applications
Acting on Geometry
1. Remove the unstable mass: This involves removing material from the upper slope to reduce the forces tending to cause movement.
2. Slope reshaping (Descabezamiento): This involves the removal of material from the upper slope to reduce the driving forces.
3. Toe berms or breakwaters: This involves the placement of a land mass or pier at the foot of the unstable slope to increase the normal stresses at the bottom of the slide surface, which increases its strength.
4. Berms: This corrective
Read MoreLabor Law and Employment Contracts: Rights and Duties
UNIT 1: Labor Law
1. Labor Law
2. Sources of Labor Law
3. Principles of Labor Law Application
4. Rights and Duties of Workers
5. The Employment Contract
6. Types of Employment Contracts
1. Labor Law
1.1 Origins
Labor law emerged in the nineteenth century as a response to economic and social problems arising from the Industrial Revolution (18-hour workdays, no weekly rest, holidays, etc.) and the desire to protect the weakest part of the employment relationship: the worker.
1.2 Definition
Labor law is a branch
Read MoreProtein Structure and Properties: A Comprehensive Look
Primary Structure of Proteins
The primary structure is the most basic form of protein organization. It is determined by the amino acid sequence of the protein chain, i.e., the number of amino acids and the order in which they are linked by peptide bonds. The amino acid side chains extend from a main chain. By convention, the order of writing is always from the amino-terminal to the carboxy-terminus. A characteristic zigzag in their disposal is due to the planarity of the peptide bond rotation that
Read MoreSpanish History: Monarchy Crisis to Civil War (1898-1939)
The Decline of the Monarchy and the Rise of the Republic (1898-1939)
The Decline of the *Turno* (1898-1917)
The Conservative Reformist Stage
The reign of Alfonso XIII (1902) began with a crisis caused by the disaster of 1898. This led the dynastic parties to initiate reforms to regenerate Spanish political life. While *Turno* parties were losing influence, the opposition became stronger:
- The Republicans increased their electoral influence.
- Catalan nationalist groups achieved a broad victory in 1907.
- Socialism
Baroque Theater in Spain: Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca
Baroque Theater in Spain
A. National Theater
In the hands of comedy, driven by Lope de Vega, the theater achieved a fixed scenic place: the corral de comedias (which were backyards of houses). In Madrid, the Teatro de la Cruz and the Teatro del Príncipe stand out. They were built in imitation of the palace theater.
The theater was a playful, social, and cultural act consisting of several pieces that lasted two to three hours. The public paid more or less depending on where they were placed in the
Read MorePhilosophy and Science: Key Concepts and Principles
1. The Idea that Led to the Birth of Philosophy (Science)
Reasoning. Philosophy and science emerged in Greece, a place characterized by political freedom, the seed of democracy, and therefore, freedom of expression and thought. The merchant nature of Greece allowed them to develop the capacity for abstraction, critical analysis, and a comprehensive worldview of reality.
2. Did Plato and Pythagoras Need Experimentation to Understand the Physical World?
Reasoning. No, because they believed that the senses
Read MoreHuman Nervous, Endocrine, and Reproductive Systems
The Human Nervous System
The nervous system in humans is, from a human point of view, the most perfect machine known. It consists of a central nervous system and a peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Brain Development
The brain consists of three initial vesicles: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Later, in embryological development, five vesicles originate by subdivision:
- The forebrain gives rise to the telencephalon and diencephalon.
- The
Argentina’s Political and Economic History: 1886-1930
Unicato (1886-1890)
Unicato refers to the political system implemented by Miguel Juárez Celman during his presidency (1886-1890). He concentrated power by simultaneously serving as President of the Nation and head of the National Autonomist Party (PAN). Initially, President Celman brought in his advisor, Miguel Juárez Celman. However, upon assuming the presidency, Juárez Celman rebelled against his political mentor. He then imposed what he termed the Unicato.
The ensuing revolution was bloody.
Read MoreKey Concepts in Western Philosophy: From Pre-Socratics to Modernity
Key Concepts in Western Philosophy
Characteristics of Philosophical Thinking
The work of the philosopher is to reflect on reality, whatever it may be, rediscovering its deeper meanings. It involves overcoming naivete and relying on rigorous and comprehensive thought.
Pre-Socratic Schools
Three prominent pre-Socratic schools are:
- Thales of Miletus
- Heraclitus
- Parmenides
Thales of Miletus considered water to be the essential element of all matter, believing it to be the first element of things, the beginning
Read MoreSpanish History: 16th and 17th Century Politics and Society
Spain in the Sixteenth Century: The Political Model of the Habsburgs
The first two Habsburgs increased royal power and improved the administration of the state. They tried to surround themselves with lawyers and modest officials, away from the aristocracy of politics.
In each kingdom, a viceroy was placed representing the king, except in the Netherlands, where a governor general ruled. To advise the king in decision-making, councils were formed by lawyers, officials, nobles, and ecclesiastics. These
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