Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche: 18th and 19th Century Philosophy
Kant and the Enlightenment
Immanuel Kant lived for much of the 18th century. The central part of this century may be regarded as a period of relative calm, preceded by the so-called religious wars and followed by a series of revolutionary wars, such as the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of 1789. During this period, there was a perceived illumination, a notion of revolution and education that was inserted into a dynamic account of the world and of history. The major historical
Read MoreCatalan Literature and History: Renaissance to 18th Century
Catalan Literature: Aftermath of Decline
- Spanish version of the aristocracy of the old territories of the Crown of Aragon.
- Loss of power of the Catalan bourgeoisie.
- Frequent utilization of castles in the literature.
- Input of Spanish in serious literature in the 17th century.
- Loss of unity among different Catalan-speaking territories.
Renaissance
The revaluation brought the classical Greek and Latin culture. It is an intermediate stage between the Roman period and Renaixença.
16th Century (previously in
Read MorePost-WWI Consolidation, 1920s Boom, and Decolonization
Post-War Transformations
- Increasing the number of industrial workers.
- The birth of a new social category called wing intelligentsia, made up of professionals and senior Communist Party.
The Consolidation of Peace (1919-1929)
The Democracies after the First World War, not all countries were recovered in the same way:
- Germany: Which had proclaimed the Weimar Republic, lived a difficult economic situation due to the payment of war reparations and monetary superinflation, and a political situation is also
Everyday English: Common Phrases and Grammar
Everyday English Sentences
Are you interested in sports?
My uncle is a writer, and his books are very popular.
We live in the city center, and our house doesn’t have a big garden.
There are a lot of people outside the school. What’s the problem?
Cathy is playing a game on her computer at the moment.
Paul is very shy; he doesn’t go out a lot.
Would you like to come out with us tonight?
Dad’s at work right now. He’s a teacher.
Did you go shopping after school yesterday?
There wasn’t any milk for breakfast this
History of Substance Use: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis
Historical Background of Substance Use
Alcohol
Drug addiction is considered one of the most ancient issues of our civilizations, as its existence has been known for thousands of years. However, historical references can be altered by the considerations set out in seniority in the determination of what was bad and what was not.
Alcohol is one of the substances consumed since the beginning of time. It is deeply rooted in most cultures, except the Islamic one. Etymologically, “alcohol” comes from the
Read MoreSociolinguistic Impact of English Language Evolution
Sociolinguistic Impact of the Norman Arrival
1. Explain the sociolinguistic effects that the arrival of the Normans had.
The arrival of the Normans had a set of sociolinguistic effects:
- Anglo-Saxon chronicles ceased and would come to be written in Latin from then onwards.
- The Western Anglo-Saxon aristocracy disappeared, and cultural, religious, and military nobility would be of French origin.
- Anglo-Saxon was no longer taught at school, replaced by French, which became an instrument for social and cultural
Pros and Cons of Fame, Vaccine Patents, and Memorable Trips
The Two Sides of Fame
Being famous has many benefits, and it is cool, but it also has many drawbacks. So, is it really good to be famous?
On the one hand, being famous has to be a very good feeling. You also meet a lot of people, and you can earn a lot of money. Many people follow and support you, and you are like an example to follow.
On the other hand, the privacy of celebrities is really bad, not to say they have no privacy. There are always people taking photos of you, and they always know what
Read MoreUnderstanding Personal Autonomy, Habits, and Abilities
Autonomy
A person is autonomous when they can meet their needs without requiring assistance. It includes two aspects:
- Personal Autonomy: Daily life, which is divided into:
- Personal care: Feeding, hygiene, rest, awareness of dangers (fire), and use of instruments.
- Environment: Order, work, and community.
- Socio-social: Interpersonal relations (speaking, listening, being empathetic, etc.).
The HAP (presumably Human Autonomy Process, though not explicitly defined) is learned from birth and depends on two
Read MoreMusical Styles and Composers: From Enlightenment to Classicism
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was the 18th-century epoch marked by rationalism. Its features are:
- The inspiration to create a cultured society
- Questioning God
- Compilation of the nature of scientific knowledge
- Artistic interest in the ancient
Rococo (Style Galant)
Style Galant was the dominant ideal and is called the galant term. Characteristics:
- Polyphony was abandoned, and counterpoint was subordinated to companions.
- The parties to the main melodic line.
- The bass line acts as a support for the voice.
Essential Vocabulary: Definitions and Examples
Impress
To impress: To make someone feel admiration and respect. Their performance impressed the judges.
Bring Out
Bring out: To produce and launch a new product or publication. The music band is bringing out a new video.
Peer
Peer: A person who is an equal in social standing, rank. Teenagers exert peer pressure on their fellows to conform to set norms.
Willing
Willing: Ready or prepared to do something. I’m willing to cook dinner tonight.
Shun
To shun: To avoid. To ignore or reject someone or something.
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