Mendizábal and Madoz Confiscations, 1855 Laws, and 1869 Constitution
Confiscation of Mendizábal: Political Aspects
Two main reasons drove the disentailment process:
- The clergy’s support for the Carlist cause.
- The state’s financial need.
The confiscation was the single most revolutionary measure undertaken by the Liberal government. In the Ancien Régime, certain sectors of society possessed a mass of goods commensurate with their social role. The nobles had their economic assets linked, preventing land division and ensuring transmission to the firstborn. The Church
Read MoreThe Tale of Moonfleet: A Journey Through Love and Loss
Chapter 1: The Village of Moonfleet
In 1757, Moonfleet was a small village near the sea in the south of England. John Trenchard, an orphan, lives with his aunt. One night, he goes to the bar with his friend Ratsey to talk to Elzevir, who is sad after his son’s death at the hands of the wealthy Mr. Maskew. John leaves soon to avoid meeting Blackbeard, who roams the village on winter nights. He stole a famous diamond and hid it. He was buried under the church, so now he gets out of his coffin to
Read MoreUnderstanding Depth Perception: Spatial Orientation and Visual Forces
Indices of Depth
In general, we usually encounter more than just two levels of depth. Problems related to space, orientation, direction, and distance share a common denominator: depth. Hochberg lists four-dimensional configurations:
- Increasingly smaller rectangles
- A trapezoid-shaped figure L adjacent to a horizontal rectangle of the same size
- A rectangle lined with horizontal parallel lines and increasingly dense upward
If we know your location, we can find its two-dimensional and three-dimensional organization,
Read MoreNoucentisme and Avant-Garde Movements in Early 20th Century Spain
Noucentisme and the Avant-Garde
In Spain, the literary modernists, sometimes called 98istas, are known as Noucentisme or the Generation of 1914. These artists are characterized by their European focus and their conception of art as separate from social and political concerns.
During the early decades of the twentieth century, Europe saw the rise of various avant-garde movements that radically broke with the themes and expressive techniques of Romanticism and Realism. Avant-garde artists were interested
Read MoreFrench Revolution: Girondins, Jacobins, Directory & Napoleon
Censitary Suffrage and Early French Republic
Censitary suffrage involved voting restricted to citizens, generally those with greater economic power.
The Convention: 1792-1795. Moderate or Radical Republic?
Following elections in 1792, the Assembly was renamed the Convention. The king had been deposed, and France became a republic.
The outcome of the elections resulted in three groups within the Convention:
- Girondins: Conservatives who won a majority in the elections. They were rich burghers of moderate
Platyhelminthes: Taenia, Morphology, Life Cycle, and Impact
Platyhelminthes
Platyhelminthes are flat, elongated worms. They are invertebrates and hermaphrodites. They inhabit marine environments, land, and rivers. They have no respiratory or circulatory system. They need various hosts to reproduce, some for the larval stage and some for the adult stage. They are classified into: Trematoda, Cestoda, Turbellaria, and Monogenea.
Taenia: Morphology
Kingdom: Animalia; Class: Cestoda; Order: Cyclophyllidea; Family: Taeniidae; Genus: Taenia; Species: saginata,
Read MoreSubordinate Clauses, Literary Movements, and Federico García Lorca
Subordinate Clauses: Types and Functions
Noun Subordinate Clauses
Conjunctions: *if*, *what*, *who*, *when*, *where*, *how*, infinitive without *to*.
Functions: Subject, Direct Object (CD – *that*, *if*, interrogative pronouns*), Prepositional Complement (CR – *prep. + which*), Noun Complement (CN – *prep. + which*), Adjective Complement (*prep. + that*), Attribute.
Adjective (or Relative) Subordinate Clauses
Relative Pronouns: *who*, *where*, *whom*, *which*, *whose*.
Relative Adverbs: *where*, *how*
Read More19th-Century Imperialism: Africa and Asia
The Distribution of the World: 19th-Century Imperialism
Imperialism and Colonialism: There is a big difference between the imperialism of the 16th century and that of the 19th century. While the first wave of imperialism focused on the Americas and involved significant, often peaceful, European emigration, the second wave targeted Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. This later imperialism saw little European emigration, with a small white minority imposing itself on the indigenous majority, and
Read MoreAviation Data Snippets: Distances, Frequencies, and Times
Aviation Data Snippets
- 2°: 396 kts (d
- 0 hrs 51 min (d
- 0520 (c
- 065° or 215° (d
- 071,065 (a
- 0800 (M) / 4,2 NM (d
- 0860 / 22 NM (b
- 087° / 143 km (a
- 1 hour 42 minutes (b
- 1 hrs 16 min; 616 NM (d
- 1 hrs 49 min (a
- 1.000 ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m (d
- 1.125 NM (c
- 1.130 NM (c
- 1.143 NM; 185 min (d
- 1.248 NM (a
- 1.326 NM (c
- 1.367 NM (b
- 1.386 NM (b
- 1.416ft (b
- 1.458 NM (b
- 1.490 NM (d
- 1.500 ft (a
- 1.685 NM (c
- 1.733 ft (b
- 1.838 NM (b
- 1.940 NM (b
- 104 NM (c
- 108,65 MHz (a
- 109 NM (d
- 109,70; (ii) 2W (M) (b
- 112 NM (d
- 112.50
Chilean History: Governing Boards, National Congress, and the Rise of the Republic
Governing Boards and the National Congress
Governing Board, September 18, 1810: Mateo de Toro y Zambrano (President), Jose Martinez de Aldunate (Chairman), Fdo. Marquez de la Plata, Juan Martinez de Rozas, Ignacio de la Carrera, Juan Enrique Rosales and Fco. Javier de Reina (vocals), and Gregory Gaspar Marin Argomedo (Secretary). National Congress, July 4, 1811. Government Board, 1813. Campaigns in 1813 and 1814 led to the Disaster of Rancagua. Government under Osorio. Tribunal of Vindication: accuracy,
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