Human and Animal Rationality
1. Theoretical Rationality in Philosophy
Philosophy concerns itself with the totality of reality. Reason allows us to understand reality and has a dual function: theoretical (knowledge) and practical (action). Theoretical philosophy deals with reality and ultimate truth.
2. Practical Rationality in Philosophy
Practical philosophy reflects on what we must do and how we should behave as social beings.
3. Animal: Sensitive Knowledge
Sensation informs us about external and internal reality through sensible
Read MoreJohn Locke’s Political Theory: Constitutional Monarchy & Liberal State
John Locke’s Political Theory
Locke had a great influence on political theory, upholding the principles of constitutional monarchy against any type of absolute monarchical power. The state model he proposed is derived from a liberal state, where state intervention is minimal and where the source of political power is the people. He even recognized the right to revolt if the elected politicians cease to represent them.
Locke refuted Filmer’s absolutist doctrine and the theory of the divine right of
Read MoreSpanish Constitutions: A Comparative Analysis
Spanish Constitutions (1808-1845)
Status of 1808
- Legislative Power: Real initiative enacted. Hearing the cuts.
- Shaft Power: For the King and King orders and ministers. The responsible ministers.
- Judicial Power: Independent. The King appoints the judges.
Constitution of 1812 (Cortes of Cadiz)
- Author: Cortes of Cadiz
- Characteristics:
- Affirmation of national sovereignty
- Introduction of the division of powers
- Declaration of the equality of all citizens before the law
- Universal suffrage elections
- Recognition of
Late 20th and Early 21st Century Galician Poetry
The Post-Franco Era: A Literary Renaissance
1975 marked a turning point in Galician literature. The death of Franco ushered in a democratic era, granting the Galician language official status and fostering a literary resurgence. This led to a surge in publishing houses, literary awards, and magazines, promoting literature in Galician.
In poetry, With Gunpowder and Magnolia, alongside Arcadio López Casanova’s Trades (1976), spearheaded this transformation. Authored by José Luís Méndez Ferrín,
Read MoreRespiratory Tract Anatomy, Function, and Blood-Brain Barrier
Respiratory Tract: Composition and Function
The respiratory tract includes:
Nose (nasal cavity) -> Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx) -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi (primary, secondary (lobar), tertiary (segmental) -> Bronchioles -> Terminal bronchioles -> Respiratory bronchioles -> Alveolar ducts -> Alveoli
Trachea
- Tough but flexible “windpipe”, anterior to esophagus
- Attached to cricoid cartilage (at about C6 vertebral level) & ends within mediastinum
Bill of Exchange: Essential Features and Processes
Bill of Exchange
Credit is the most important title and must contain the following features:
1. Reference to Bills of Exchange
A reference to bills of exchange must be inserted in the text of the document. This is a sacramental formality requirement, without which the bill of exchange, as such, does not legally exist.
2. Date of Subscription
The expression of the place, month, day, and year when you subscribe. This means mentioning in the letter the place or city that creates or issues it, as well as
Read MoreMarket Structures Explained: Competition, Monopoly, and Oligopoly
Understanding Market Structures
The market is any means by which a match between the supply and demand of goods is established. The exchange of the asset is carried out at a fixed price. We say that the market is in equilibrium when it matches the wishes of the supply and demand, i.e., when the quantity supplied corresponds to the quantity demanded.
Market Structure Factors
Number of Participants
Refers to the number of companies offering the same product on the market and the number of applicants who
Read MoreBimodal Language vs. Cued Speech: A Comparison
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Bimodal
Oral vs. Written Texts: Characteristics & Types
Oral vs. Written Text: Key Differences
Oral text, the most natural way of communication, is a way to maintain contact with the world. It forms part of everyday life.
Characteristics of Oral Text:
- It has been the *only* form of communication for many centuries.
- Spoken words play a dominant role in communication, favoring human relations.
- The channel for oral texts is *auditory*.
- Oral texts are **spontaneous** and **instantaneous**.
- They are highly dependent on context, including the people involved and
Adam Smith and Karl Marx: Economic Theories Compared
Adam Smith’s Economic Theories
Adam Smith‘s work took place during the era of mercantilism and the physiocrats. Smith aimed to challenge mercantilist ideas, which viewed the world economy as a zero-sum game. He also opposed the physiocrats, who believed that agriculture was the only productive sector because it produced “nature,” while industry merely transformed existing materials.
The physiocrats advocated for free trade to address famine-related riots. Adam Smith generalized the concept of laissez-
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