Key Eras in European History: From Al-Andalus to Reformation
The History of Al-Andalus: Islamic Spain
Al-Andalus was the Muslim state established on the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century.
Conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom (711-718)
In 711, a Muslim army led by Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete. By 722, they controlled almost all the peninsula except a narrow strip in the north, where the Visigoths took refuge.
From Dependent Emirate to Independent Caliphate
Initially, the Umayyad Caliph of
Read MoreHuman Body Systems: Nervous System and Neurons Explained
The Body’s Interaction Process
The human body constantly interacts with its internal and external environments to maintain stability and function. This complex process involves several key objectives:
- Adapting the body to changing conditions in both the internal and external environment.
- Connecting and coordinating different parts of our body to ensure they work together seamlessly.
Homeostasis: Maintaining Body Stability
Homeostatic processes are crucial for maintaining the body’s internal stability
Read MoreAdvanced Engine Valve & Timing Technologies
Multivalve Engine Design Principles
Multivalve distribution involves doubling the number of valves to reduce the diameter of each valve and effectively utilize available space in the combustion chamber. Valves are typically angled between 20° and 50°, allowing for a compact combustion chamber design with a very favorable surface-to-volume ratio. This design can easily induce significant turbulence, leading to better utilization of heat energy and a positive impact on fuel consumption.
Advantages
Read MoreComprehensive Job Analysis and Position Valuation Techniques
Position Evaluation
Position evaluation assesses the task, not the individuals occupying the position.
Information Collection
Aspects of Work
- Asking the owner directly
- Reviewing written inventory
- Meeting with other supervisors
- Comparison
Working Methodologies
FJA (Functional Job Analysis)
- Nature of the job
- Summary and requirements of employees
- Classification of work activities
- Organization of functions ranging from simple to complex
- Job-related tasks that include objectives and needs identified in training
MPDQ
Read MoreMercè Rodoreda and Post-War Catalan Literature
Mercè Rodoreda and the Psychological Novel
Yes, I agree, Mercè Rodoreda’s work is very representative of the psychological novel type. This tendency was the dominant narrative in the forties and fifties. It is based on the description of the intimacy of one or more characters and their reactions. The narrator tends not to speak and is supplanted by the reactions and attitudes of the characters.
The first-person narrative culminates with the technique of interior monologue, characteristic of much
Read MoreLate 19th Century Global Shifts: Economy, Empires, and Modern Art
The Second Industrial Revolution
Finance Capitalism
Focuses on movements of money.
Industrial Capitalism
Centered on industrial productions.
Changes and Innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution
Energy Innovations
- Electricity: Hydroelectric generators and the electric light bulb.
- Oil: Kerosene and petrol. The petrol-powered car was an important invention in the late 19th century.
Technological Advancements
- New types of fibers (e.g., nylon).
- Innovations in cars and machinery.
Emergence of New Industries
- Electrical
Essential Business Law Concepts for BBA Students
Negotiable Instruments: Definition & Party Liabilities
Definition of Negotiable Instrument
According to Section 13 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, a Negotiable Instrument means a Promissory Note, Bill of Exchange or Cheque payable either to order or to bearer.
A Negotiable Instrument is a written document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money to a specified person or the bearer of the instrument, either on demand or at a future date.
Examples of Negotiable Instruments
- Promissory
Geological Time and Earth’s History: Dating Methods Explained
Earth’s Archives: Unlocking Geological History
Rocks: Records of Earth’s Past
Rocks contain vital information about Earth’s past, revealing different aspects of its history:
- Fossils: Remains of an organism or its activity, providing insights into past life.
- Rock Nature and Composition: Reveal the processes and conditions of their formation.
- Rock Morphology: Informs about the agents that shaped them.
- Rock Structures: Indicate the forces to which they have been subjected.
Fundamental Principles of Geology
The
Read MoreKey Economic & Monetary Terms Defined
Central Bank’s Foreign Assets
Account balance consists mainly of reserves.
Central Bank Domestic Assets
Account balance consists of:
- Credits to state enterprises, the State Bank, commercial banks, and other institutions
- Fiscal transfers
- Credit-subordinated obligations of financial institutions
Monetary Aggregate
The stock of money in the economy. It takes different definitions depending on the degree of liquidity of the financial assets that comprise it. The Central Bank of Chile considers three monetary
Read MoreTakaful Legal Framework & Risk Management in Malaysia
Legal Framework of Takaful in Malaysia
The legal landscape for Takaful in Malaysia has evolved significantly, transitioning from earlier acts to comprehensive modern legislation.
Evolution of Takaful Laws
- Insurance Act 1963 (Repealed): Replaced by the Financial Services Act 2013 (FSA 2013).
- Takaful Act 1984 (Repealed): Replaced by the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013).
Key Legal Categories
The Takaful industry operates under several categories of laws and policies:
Enabling Laws
These laws
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