Spanish Literary Movements: 1898-1936 Narrative Evolution

Spanish Narrative Before 1936

This period saw a crisis in 20th-century realism and a search for new narrative paths. Key aspects include:

  • Plot: The action becomes less important, is interrupted with digressions, and often has an open, uncertain ending.
  • Themes: In addition to universal themes (solitude, death, love), new themes emerged, influenced by nihilism, psychoanalysis, and philosophical inquiry. The novel evolved into a psychological and moral exploration of individuals.
  • Structure:
    • External: Arrangement
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Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Liberal Reforms & Legacy

Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Progressive Reforms

Genesis and Core Principles

Context of the 1868 Revolution

This authentic historical document, the Constitution of 1869, was drafted by deputies in the Constituent Assembly after the progressives won the election in 1868. Liberals were among the more moderate elements of the revolutionary movement.

Pillars of the New Charter

This constitution was progressive in nature. It established the national sovereignty of Spain as a state and as a parliamentary monarchy.

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Key Concepts in Environmental Health

The Water Cycle

Most of Earth’s water is in the oceans. The sun drives the water cycle by heating water, causing it to evaporate into the air. Ice and snow can also sublimate directly into water vapor. As air rises, it cools and condenses into clouds. Air currents move these clouds globally. Within clouds, tiny water particles collide, grow, and eventually fall as precipitation (rain, snow, etc.). Snow can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers, storing water for thousands of years. In warmer climates,

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Earth’s Dynamic Processes: Geology and Ecology Basics

Earth’s Dynamic Processes: Geology and Ecology

Geological Processes

Erosion, Transport, and Sedimentation

Erosion: Is the mobilization and removal of materials resulting from the weathering of rocks.

Transport: Eroded materials from the erosive processes are transported to other places.

Sedimentation: Occurs when the strength of the transporting agents decreases, and these materials are deposited in the field.

Water Action and River Systems

Surface Water Dynamics

Runoff: If water saturates the ground’s

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Fundamental Concepts: Physics, History, and Culture

¿Qué es una Magnitud Física?

Una magnitud física es una cantidad que puede ser medida. Es todo aquello que se puede cuantificar.

Magnitudes Escalares

Las magnitudes escalares son aquellas que se definen completamente por un valor numérico y una unidad. Ejemplos incluyen:

  • Tiempo
  • Longitud
  • Masa
  • Temperatura
  • Edad

Todas las mencionadas son magnitudes escalares.

Magnitudes Vectoriales

Las magnitudes vectoriales son aquellas que requieren, además de un valor numérico y una unidad, una dirección y un sentido

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Medieval Iberian Peninsula: Al-Andalus and Christian Kingdoms

The Iberian Peninsula: From Visigoths to Christian Kingdoms

The Muslim Conquest and Al-Andalus (8th Century)

  • Lieutenant of Musa ibn Nusayr: Tariq ibn Ziyad led the initial Muslim forces.
  • Muslim Arrival in the Iberian Peninsula: The year 711 marked the beginning of the Muslim conquest.
  • Causes of Rapid Muslim Conquest:
    • Superiority of Muslim military tactics and organization.
    • Internal conflicts and divisions within the Visigothic Kingdom.
    • Support from Jewish communities and some Visigothic nobles, who surrendered
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Key Concepts in Entrepreneurship & Project Success

Women Entrepreneurship: Impact & Challenges


Concept of Women Entrepreneurs

A woman entrepreneur is a woman who initiates, organizes, and operates a business enterprise by undertaking financial, administrative, and social risks. According to the Government of India, a woman entrepreneur is one who owns and controls at least 51% of the enterprise and employs herself in the business.


Role in Economic Development

  1. Economic Empowerment of Women: Women entrepreneurship helps in reducing gender inequality

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Literary Genres and Concepts: Understanding Forms and Elements

Understanding Literature: Concepts and Forms

What is Literature?

Literature is an art whose raw material is linguistic units, which the writer manipulates to produce an aesthetic and emotional effect on the receiver.

Literature and Reality

Literature imitates the real world, but not reality itself, rather a representation of it built by the author from their imagination.

Fiction and Verisimilitude

The term fiction designates the peculiar relationship literary works have with reality. Conversely, verisimilitude

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Judicial Justification: Internal, External, and Interpretation

Understanding Legal Justification

Justification, in a broad sense, refers to a system of rules—be they ideal, moral, or positive (current in society)—that applies not only to law but also to religious, moral, or corporate contexts. Initially, we will focus on justification within the legal system.

In principle, a judge is obligated to justify decisions under the law, unlike other systems, because the judge functions as an operator of law. Legal arguments differ significantly from moral arguments.

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Understanding Tourist Accommodation Types and Classifications

Understanding Tourist Accommodation Concepts

The concept of tourist accommodation is fundamental to the hospitality sector. Their dependencies are homogeneous as a whole.

Accommodation Modalities

  • Type A: Hotel, Hotel Apartment, Motel, Hotel Residency
  • Type B: Hostel Residency, Guest Houses, Hostels, Inns, Refuges

Defining a Tourist Accommodation Company

A tourist accommodation company is understood to mean any company that performs an activity which consists of professionally and regularly providing an

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