The Second Spanish Republic: A Concise History
The Second Spanish Republic
The Second Republic was defined as a democratic country of workers of all classes. Socialization of properties; nationalization of public goods, single chamber; universal suffrage liberal parliamentary system.
1st Stage: 1931-1933 – Azaña’s Social Biennium
President of the left-wing government: Manuel Azaña. In religious matters, they were anticlerical with freedom of religion. Secularization of education suppressed state subsidies to the clergy. Expulsion of the Jesuit company, and arson attacks on churches and convents. The Catalan Statute was passed in politics, with President Francisco Macià of the Generalitat. There were also attempts at Basque autonomy, led by Antonio Aguirre, and autonomy in Galicia was attempted in 1936. In the social aspect, agrarian reform was implemented to give land to rural workers at the expense of the landowning aristocracy. This led to a revolt in Cádiz.
2nd Stage: 1933-1935 – Radical Biennium CEDA
The right wing rose to power with J.M. Gil Robles, and later Alexander Lerroux occupied the government. The CEDA coalition configured profiles (Conf.Esp.de Dereitos Autonomous) and the Church defending tradition, such as JONS acquired and the radical phalanx Esp (With leaders like J.A. Primo de Rivera Calvo Sotelo. In October 1934, the Asturias masses committed worker assassinations and all sorts of disturbances. There was a revolt in Catalonia and trials also to Manuel Azaña and Luis Companys. The failure of the 2nd stage of the republic was marked by the Straperlo affair. Two foreigners, Perlo and Strans, bribed politicians to permit the opening of gambling houses, and its public discovery caused disrepute.
Stage 3: 1935-1936 – The Popular Front
After that failure, the Popular Front encompassed republicans, Marxists, anarchists and trade unions of the left. Casares Quiroga was appointed president, and Manuel Azaña changed the president of the republic. Ideologies radicalized and the assassination of a right-wing leader in July 1936 began to conspire, whose chiefs were: Franco, Godez, Sanjurjo and Mola.
The Moroccan War
Some political and military ambitions set Spaniards in a Moroccan colony that compensated the country after the crisis of ’98. A place of frequent occupation gave rise to clashes with the Kabyles. The leader Abd el-Krim managed to unite the tribes against the Spaniards. A poorly prepared campaign by General Wild, in which many Spaniards lost their lives, led to a policy crisis. A week in Barcelona because shaman traxica subject to go to marrocos, amotinaronse and inpedirono for a week encheuse cidade viviu barricades and episodes of extreme violence.
Escalating Tensions and Formation of Blocs
Distrust existed and tensions increased in conferences and Potsdam, and the USSR Communists started imposing regimes in countries of the east. The United States accused them of destroying freedoms. Truman told of the communist attack that was trying to expand in Turkey and in Greece. Germany was divided into 3 areas occupied by British and French by the U.S. and USSR and Europe was also divided into 2 blocks, one Soviet communist party and the other democratic Europe.