The PDR and A. XIII Manifestos: A Historical Analysis of Political and Social Change in Spain
PDR Manifesto (Item 6):
TXT dl-Nature: The text that I will discuss is political-social (talks about how he should be the policy after the coup), dated September 14, 1923. It is a primary source (because it is dated in the same year that created this show). Title is Manifest PDR after the coup d state (was created after the coup that PDR and the majority of military units of the country, this manifesto of the leader led. The objective was to restore the political system that had at that time).
At that time, Spain was governed by Alfonso XII (king until the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931). During his reign, Spain experienced a large social, economic, and cultural progress. With the political failure of PDR, he urged a return to normal with the intention of restoring the system), across which highlighted the political PDR (it was a military, political, and Spanish dictator who created a dictatorship that was divided into two parts: 1) D. Military: He proclaimed his inspiration in the ideals of regeneration in order to restore order and to remove the dictatorship that was caciquismo. His character was conservative. 2) D. Civil: The National Assembly appointed a group that prepared a draft constitution. There was a state intervention in the economy and in the workplace). The recipient is the proletariat (society) and its purpose is to show them how he wants to change the political system.
TXT dl Analysis: The main idea of the text is to reset the political system, restoring it with a democratizing effect.
Historical Context:
- History: The Defeat of Annual provoked protests caused by part of the”Army + mone” that asked to end the war, the public demanded accountability and opposed the continuation of the war. The conservative oligarchy was concerned about:”The internal divisions of the dynastic parties, the rising of socialists and republicans, the rise of nationalism and the foundation of PCE. Alfonso XIII did not oppose the military coup and collaborated with PDR and avoided responsibility for the disaster in Morocco.
- Context: The dictatorship of PDR began in 1923 with the support of the Catalan bourgeoisie and Alfonso XIII. It was divided into 2 phases: 1) D. Military: The new military regime was presented as a regenerationist project of the political system, but introduced a dictatorship. Its objectives were: Suspend the right of association, assembly, and expression, dissolve the courts and city councils, put military governors in command, ban the parties and trade unions, and repress the labor movement. 2) D. Civil: The National Assembly formed a limited suffrage and was commissioned a draft constitution. The intervention in the economy led to encouraging public works, creating the decree of National Industry Protection, and creating monopolies in the labor market of the State. And it led to the creation of the National Corporate Organization. The end of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera was in 1930, and he had lost the confidence of the monarch and the support of military and economic sectors.
A. Manifesto III (Track 6):
TXT dl-Nature: The text gives me the comment that is political-social (A. XIII declares in this text his intentions to improve his mandate) dated 17/04/1931. It is a primary source, as it is dated the same year as the creation of this document.)
The title is Manifest A. XIII (it is a document that A. XIII wrote to leave a few days after the municipal elections held until the Republican candidates have won in major Spanish cities). This show was created during the rule of A. XIII (king of Spain until the proclamation of the II Republic. During his reign, Spain, stunned by the disaster of 98, experienced a huge economic, social, and political failure. With the dictatorship of PRV, the king urged a return to democratic normality with the intent to regenerate the regime) in front of which highlights the political Primo de Rivera (he was a military, political, and Spanish dictator who created a dictatorship that was divided into two parts: 1) D. Military: He proclaimed his inspiration in the ideals of regeneration in order to restore order and to remove the dictatorship that was caciquismo. His character was conservative. 2) D. Civil: The National Assembly appointed a group that prepared a draft constitution. There was a state intervention in the economy and in the workplace), Juan Bautista (His military career highlighted for its role in campaigns conducted in Morocco and came into politics a few months before the coup of PRV) and General Berenguer (participated in the recent governments of A.XII. In 1930, the monarchy, the king ordered the government training and standardization of the political situation in the covenant for San Sebastian) addressed this manifesto is the Proletariat
Contextualization:
- Background: The defeat of Annual provoked protests caused by part of the”Army + mone” that asked to end the war, public opinion demanded responsibility and opposed the continuation of the war. The conservative oligarchy was concerned about”The internal divisions of the dynastic parties, the rising of socialists and republicans, the rise of nationalism and the foundation of PCE. A. XIII did not oppose the military coup and collaborated with PDR and avoided responsibility for the disaster in Morocco.
- Context: The dictatorship of PDR began in 1923 with the support of the Catalan bourgeoisie and Alfonso XIII. It was divided into 2 stages: 1) D. Military: The new military regime was presented as a regenerationist project of the political system, but introduced a dictatorship. Its objectives were: Suspend the right of association, assembly, and expression, dissolve the courts and councils, put military governors in command, prohibit the parties and trade unions, and repress the labor movement. 2) D. Civil: The National Assembly formed a limited suffrage and was commissioned a draft constitution. The intervention in the economy led to encouraging public works, creating the decree of National Industry Protection, and creating monopolies in the labor market of the State. And it led to the creation of the National Corporate Organization. The end of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. It was in 1930, and he had lost the confidence of the monarch and the support of military and economic sectors.