Air Network Conductors and Mechanical Calculations
Drivers
Drivers in Air Networks
The drivers used in air networks will be copper, aluminum, or other materials or alloys with appropriate electrical and mechanical properties and will preferably be insulated.
Insulated Conductors
The insulated conductors shall be rated for not less than 0.6 / 1 kV. The minimum allowable aluminum conductor size is 16 mm2, and for copper, it is 10 mm2.
Conductors
Bare conductors are resistant to weathering. Their minimum breaking load will be considered as 410 daN. Bare
Read MoreElectrical Installation for Cranes and Lifting Equipment
1. Scope
This instruction addresses the particular requirements of electrical installation systems for cranes, lifting equipment, transport, and other similar equipment such as escalators, conveyors, bridge trailers, winches, scaffolds, etc.
2. General Requirements
The entire electrical installation can be deactivated by a manually controlled general pole switch located on the main circuit. This switch must be readily accessible from the ground, located in the same room or enclosure as the electrical
Read MoreDatabase Design Fundamentals
Schema Architecture
External Level
Each external view displays only the data relevant to a specific end-user, hiding unnecessary information. Examples: (External View 1), (External View 2).
Conceptual Level
This level describes the overall structure of the database, typically using a relational model where data is stored in tables (Conceptual Schema).
Internal Level
The internal level details the physical data storage, including indexes used for data retrieval (Internal Schema).
Data Independence
Logical
Read MoreEngine Installation Requirements According to European Directives
1. Purpose and Scope
This instruction defines engine installation requirements using portable professional tools receptors. All installations must meet the requirements of applicable European Directives as provided in Article 6 of the Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulations.
2. General Installation Conditions
Engine installations must comply with UNE 20,460 and the specifications of the installation location. Engines must be installed to prevent accidents from contact with moving parts. They should
Read MoreElectrical Distribution Networks in Low Voltage (LV)
Air Network Components
The electrical distribution air networks in LV consist of the following components: conductors, insulators, and supports.
Conductor Features
Conductors in these networks are typically made of copper or aluminum alloys with adequate electrical and mechanical properties.
- Insulated Conductors: These conductors have a coating that provides resistance to the elements. The voltage is 0.6/1kV, and the minimum cross-section is 16mm2 for copper (Cu). They are used in LV air networks, perched
Steel Structures and Partitions in Building Construction
Steel Structures
Types
- Forged Unidirectional
- Bi-Forged
Variations
- With Board
- With Top and Bottom Board
- With Landfill or Curdled
Forged Steel Features
Made of rolled steel joists (IPE or IPN), offering high resistance with limited deflection.
Entrevigado Solutions
- Rasilla Vaults
- Ceramic or Cement Mortar Blocks
- Wooden Board
Another option is forged steel sheet combined with other methods.
Partitions
Introduction
Partitions subdivide areas for privacy, thermal/acoustic insulation, and housing utilities.
They are categorized
Read More