Semi-Dry Sump and Direct Fuel Injection Systems
Semi-Dry Sump Injection
Used in motors where there is no D-Q pair. Injectors open simultaneously in the cylinders. Injection occurs in each downward stroke. A homogeneous mixture is achieved. The system incorporates fans and a compressor for cooling in some circumstances. It also incorporates a system for the recirculation of exhaust gases for pollution control.
MAP Sensor
Measures the absolute air pressure in the intake manifold and sends a signal to the UEC (Engine Control Unit). A higher pressure
Read MoreMetallic Bonds, Semiconductors, and Electronic Components
Metallic Bond and Band Theory
Metallic bond describes the bond strength between atoms in a metal. Two main theories explain this: electron sea theory and band theory.
Band Theory
When atoms combine, they form molecular orbitals (MOs) that belong to the entire molecule. The linear combination of two atomic orbitals (AOs) results in two MOs, corresponding to two energy levels. One MO has higher energy than the original AOs (antibonding MO), and the other has lower energy (bonding MO). When s orbitals
Read MoreWork Environment and System Installation
Planning the Working Environment
Things to consider when planning the working environment:
- Organization (departments, linking them, etc.)
- Number of jobs
- Backups
- Identification of users (which users should have access)
- Training of future users
Application Requirements
- Multi-User Support – Networking
- Operating system readiness
- Essential disk space (DD)
- RAM requirements
- Minimum CPU
- Graphics and multimedia resources
- Need for external peripherals
Preparation of the Environment
Architectural and Electronic Requirements
Architectural
Read MorePlastics Explained: From Monomers to 3D Printing
Plastic Materials: Classification
Plastic materials are classified as:
- Thermoplastics
- Thermosets
- Elastomers
Monomers: The Building Blocks of Plastics
Monomers:
- Made out of carbon and hydrogen atoms
- Come together in chains and form polymers
- Are the main component of all plastics
Understanding Polymer Properties
Polymers:
Are chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms that form plastics.
Thermoplastics: Properties and Uses
Thermoplastics:
Are plastics that soften with heat and can be re-shaped and melted as many times
Motherboard Expansion Slots and RAM Types
Motherboard Expansion Slots
Expansion slots on motherboards allow additional components, such as video cards, sound cards, or network cards, to be added to enhance the computer’s functionality. These slots vary in type and capacity depending on the motherboard’s design and format (e.g., full ATX or micro-ATX). Common types of expansion slots include:
- ISA (Industry Standard Architecture): Older 8 or 16-bit slots used primarily before 1997, often black and with two parts (shorter and longer). Phased
Understanding Ethernet Cable Categories and Network Setup
Ethernet Cable Categories
Category 3, 4, 5, and 5e
Category 5 offers the best benefits, including improved data transmission speeds.
Category 6
Category 6 provides a wide bandwidth, with a maximum of 1 Gbps at 250 MHz, suitable for demanding applications.
Category 7
Category 7 offers a maximum bandwidth of 600 MHz.
100Base T Features
- Maximum speed: 100 Mbps
- Maximum cable length: 100 meters
- Impedance: 100 ohms for unshielded cable and 50 ohms for shielded cable
100Base T refers to 100 Mbps, twisted pair, and
Read More