Computer History and Fundamentals

Who is the Father of Computer?

Answer: Charles Babbage (December 26, 1791 – October 18, 1871). The father of the modern computer is Alan Turing.

What are the Features of a Computer?

Answer: The features of a computer are:

  • Speed
  • Accuracy
  • Diligence
  • Storage Capacity
  • Versatility

What is Abacus?

Answer: The abacus, also known as a counting frame, is a calculating device that was used in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC.

What is the Block Diagram of a Computer?

The block diagram represents how data and instructions flow

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Understanding LAN, WAN, and Internet Networks

Network Information

LAN and WAN Networks

LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) are networks that connect two or more computers, often within a local area. These networks facilitate the sharing of information, documents, and programs.

LAN: A local network.

WAN: Often refers to the internet.

To physically connect computers in a LAN, you need network cables and a network card with a connector. A braided cable, consisting of four pairs of wires, connects to a HUB, which acts as a distributor,

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Semi-Dry Sump and Direct Fuel Injection Systems

Semi-Dry Sump Injection

Used in motors where there is no D-Q pair. Injectors open simultaneously in the cylinders. Injection occurs in each downward stroke. A homogeneous mixture is achieved. The system incorporates fans and a compressor for cooling in some circumstances. It also incorporates a system for the recirculation of exhaust gases for pollution control.

MAP Sensor

Measures the absolute air pressure in the intake manifold and sends a signal to the UEC (Engine Control Unit). A higher pressure

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Metallic Bonds, Semiconductors, and Electronic Components

Metallic Bond and Band Theory

Metallic bond describes the bond strength between atoms in a metal. Two main theories explain this: electron sea theory and band theory.

Band Theory

When atoms combine, they form molecular orbitals (MOs) that belong to the entire molecule. The linear combination of two atomic orbitals (AOs) results in two MOs, corresponding to two energy levels. One MO has higher energy than the original AOs (antibonding MO), and the other has lower energy (bonding MO). When s orbitals

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Work Environment and System Installation

Planning the Working Environment

Things to consider when planning the working environment:

  • Organization (departments, linking them, etc.)
  • Number of jobs
  • Backups
  • Identification of users (which users should have access)
  • Training of future users

Application Requirements

  • Multi-User Support – Networking
  • Operating system readiness
  • Essential disk space (DD)
  • RAM requirements
  • Minimum CPU
  • Graphics and multimedia resources
  • Need for external peripherals

Preparation of the Environment

Architectural and Electronic Requirements

Architectural

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Plastics Explained: From Monomers to 3D Printing

Plastic Materials: Classification

Plastic materials are classified as:

  • Thermoplastics
  • Thermosets
  • Elastomers

Monomers: The Building Blocks of Plastics

Monomers:

  • Made out of carbon and hydrogen atoms
  • Come together in chains and form polymers
  • Are the main component of all plastics

Understanding Polymer Properties

Polymers:

Are chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms that form plastics.

Thermoplastics: Properties and Uses

Thermoplastics:

Are plastics that soften with heat and can be re-shaped and melted as many times

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