Essential English Language Teaching (ELT) Terminology
1. Key Definitions
This section defines important terms used in ELT:
- Cohesion: How spoken or written texts are connected using logical grammar or lexis (e.g., conjunctions, lexical sets, referring words).
- Collocation: Words frequently used together, either grammatically (e.g., “depend on”) or lexically (e.g., “make a plan”).
- Compound Word: Two or more words combined to form a new word with a distinct meaning.
- Denotation: The literal meaning of a word.
- Functional Approach: Teaching method based on language
Language Learning and Constructivism in Education
Chapter 4: Understanding Language Learning
Natural Language Acquisition
Children effortlessly acquire their native language through unconscious exposure. Adults, however, may face challenges with pronunciation and grammar that younger learners do not. Factors such as motivation, perceived difficulty, and limited opportunities to use the language can hinder adult language learning.
Similarities in Language Learning Experiences
Both children and adults learning a new language outside the classroom share
Read MoreBusiness Letter Writing Guide: Format, Types, and Tips
The Importance of Business Letters in the Market
Business letters are essential for various purposes, including offering services, placing orders, providing information, and making complaints. They are formal documents that should always be typed.
Basic Principles of Business Letter Writing
- Clarity: The letter should be easy to understand, using formal vocabulary while avoiding jargon.
- Precision: Key points should be clearly stated and well-organized.
- Concision: Avoid unnecessary words and phrases, keeping
Motivation and Language Learning: Effective Techniques and Methods
Motivation and Language Learning
Understanding Motivation
Motivation is the driving force behind goal-oriented activities, playing a crucial role in foreign language learning. There are two main types of motivation:
- Intrinsic Motivation: This comes from within, driven by the enjoyment of the task itself or the satisfaction of accomplishment.
- Extrinsic Motivation: This comes from external factors, such as rewards or grades.
Effective Techniques for Language Learning
To enhance language learning, various
Read MoreEuropean Educational Programs: Erasmus+, eTwinning, and CLIL
European Educational Programs
Erasmus+ (Key Action 2)
The Erasmus+ program supports all levels of school education, from preschool to secondary. Its main goal is to foster understanding of European cultures, languages, and values among young people and educators.
What is an Erasmus+ Partnership?
Multilateral partnerships involve at least three schools from three different European countries collaborating on cross-curricular projects. These partnerships enable staff and students to work together with
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Tenses and Vocabulary
English Grammar Tenses and Vocabulary
Verb Tenses
Present Tenses
Simple Present (PS)
Used for scheduled events, routines, and general truths. Example: She eats breakfast every morning.
Present Continuous (PC)
Used for actions happening now or in the near future. Example: I am studying for my exam.
Past Tenses
Present Perfect (PP)
Used for actions that started in the past and continue in the present. Example: They have lived here for five years.
Present Perfect Continuous (PPC)
Used to emphasize the duration