Linguistic Relations and Functions: Saussure and Halliday

  1. Three relations proposed by Saussure: Syntagmatic, Paradigmatic and Associative relations


Saussure proposes three different relations: syntagmatic, paradigmatic and associative relations.

1) Syntagmatic relations:


A linguistic element is associated with other elements in the same line; agreement (concordancia). Ejemplo en español: “El niño bueno” (hay concordancia de género y número), agreement of gender, number, time, etc. It happens with anaphora and cataphora too. In phonetics there are

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A Comprehensive Guide to Language Teaching Methods and Approaches

Connection Between Linguistics and Language Teaching

Linguistics, the scientific study of language, plays a crucial role in informing effective language teaching practices. This connection stems from the shared focus on language as the primary element. Applied linguistics, a key subfield, bridges theory and practice by applying linguistic insights to real-world language teaching scenarios.

Influences on Language Teaching

Psychology

Psychology provides valuable insights into the language learning process.

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The Ultimate ESL/EFL Teacher’s Glossary: Key Terms & Concepts

USEFUL TERMS

Accuracy

This focuses on using correct grammatical structures and vocabulary in language.

Fluency

This emphasizes conveying the message smoothly and easily, without worrying too much about minor errors.

Bottom-up Processing

This involves understanding language based on the actual words and sentences presented, using context to fill in gaps in understanding.

Top-down Processing

This relies on using background knowledge and context to understand the language being used, often automatically.

Coherence

This

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Curricular Material Design for Engaging English Classes

1. Introduction

One of the main functions of teachers is to plan carefully the teaching/learning process as it is set in Order 130/2023 January 23rd. In addition to this, according to the LOMLOE, the Royal Decree 157/2022 and the Decree 61/2022 (in Madrid), the main goal of foreign language teaching is > (general objective f). For this reason, not only the elements of the curriculum have to be adapted to the students’ characteristics, but also the resources used in the teaching-learning process.

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Communicative Methods in English Language Teaching: A Comprehensive Guide

TOPIC 14: Methods and Techniques for Acquiring Communicative Competence in English Teaching

1. Introduction

Numerous methods and approaches have been developed in the pursuit of the most effective way to teach a foreign language. The wide array of available methods may seem overwhelming rather than helpful to some teachers. It’s best to adopt a flexible and practical approach, recognizing the strengths of each method—in other words, to be eclectic.

Therefore, it’s advisable for English teachers to

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Effective Classroom Management in English as a Foreign Language

1. Introduction

Classroom management is an essential tool for teachers to facilitate student learning. Effective organization of its various aspects enhances teaching efficiency, improves learning activities, and cultivates a positive and productive learning environment.

The Royal Decree 157/2022 and Decree 61/2022 in Madrid mandate specific language proficiency levels for Primary Education students. These decrees highlight the importance of communicative competence and necessitate careful consideration

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