English Grammar Guide
Present Simple
| Subject | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I, You, We, They | talk, eat, learn, watch, do, go… |
| He, She, It | talks, eats, learns, watches, does, goes… |
Present Continuous
| Subject | Auxiliary (to be) | Gerund |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
| He, She, It | is | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
| You, We, They | are | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
Have to
| Long Form | Short Form | Long Form | Short Form | Short Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I did not have | I didn’t have | I had not | I hadn’t | I’d not |
| You did not have | You didn’t have | You had not | You hadn’t | You’ |
English Grammar Guide: Adverbs, Modals, Tenses, and Causative Verbs
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of manner answer the question “how?” and describe the way an action happens. Examples:
- aloud
- badly
- carefully
- quickly
- happily
Adverbs of Opinion and Observation
These adverbs express the speaker’s viewpoint or observation about an action. Examples:
- Actually
- Basically
- Bravely
- Carelessly
- Clearly
- Credibly
- Effectively
- Foolishly
- Fortunately
- Generously
- Kindly
- Logically
- Luckily
- Naturally
- Personally
- Pleasantly
- Practically
- Presumably
- Rudely
- Seriously
- Surely
- Technically
- Theoretically
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs express
Read MoreEnglish Grammar and Writing Guide
Phrasal Verbs
Be through: To finish, to end.
Go on: To continue.
Fill in: To complete (a form).
Take off: To depart (airplane).
Stay out: To go out, to spend the night away.
Speak up: To talk louder.
Go off: To leave, to ring (alarm).
Put off: To delay, to postpone.
See off: To say goodbye, to run towards someone.
Take off: To remove clothing.
Turn off: To switch off.
Carry on: To continue.
Get on: To have a good relationship with someone.
Hold on: To endure, to resist, to wait.
Put on: To wear something.
Try on:
Read MoreEssential Spanish Phrases for Emails and Conversations
Email Phrases
Starting an Email
Le escribo con respecto a… – I am writing with regard to…
Me pongo en contacto con usted para… – I am contacting you to…
En respuesta a su e-mail de… – In reply to your email of…
Providing Information
Le podemos confirmar… – We are able to confirm that…
Es un tema urgente… – This is an urgent matter…
Closing an Email
Me alegra saber que estás bien. – Glad to hear that you’re well.
Gracias por su atención. – Thanks for your attention.
Esperaré su respuesta.
Read MoreAnalysis of the Aeneid and La Celestina: Themes, Literary Devices, and Social Commentary
Analysis of the Aeneid and La Celestina
This document explores key themes, literary devices, and social commentary present in the Aeneid and La Celestina.
The Aeneid
The Aeneid follows Aeneas’s journey after the fall of Troy as he seeks to establish a new home for his people. Key events include his encounter with Dido in Carthage and the eventual founding of Rome. The Aeneid draws inspiration from the Iliad and the Odyssey, becoming one of the most influential works in European literature.
Literary
Read MoreSpanish Golden Age Literature: Humanism and Lyric Poetry
The Humanist Movement
Ancient Roots and Key Elements
The Humanist movement, with its Greco-Latin origins, was a complex and scholarly pursuit. Evidence of this movement can be found in various forms, including archaeological remains like buildings and statues, as well as textual sources.
Three key elements characterized Humanist culture:
- Trilingual Proficiency: A perfect humanist was expected to be fluent in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew, the latter being essential for studying the Bible (Old Testament in