Software Design Principles & Cost Estimation Methods
Coupling and Cohesion in Software Engineering
Coupling and Cohesion are fundamental concepts in software engineering that describe the relationships between modules in a system.
Coupling
Coupling refers to the degree of interdependence between modules. The lower the coupling, the better the design, as tightly coupled modules are more difficult to maintain and modify.
Types of Coupling
- Tightly Coupled: Modules rely heavily on each other, making changes difficult.
- Loosely Coupled: Modules are independent
Software Project Management Essentials: Agile & Planning
What is Software Project Management (SPM)?
Software Project Management (SPM) is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing software projects, focusing on scope, time, cost, and quality.
Software Project Planning Steps
- Define scope and objectives
- Identify tasks (Work Breakdown Structure – WBS)
- Estimate resources and time
- Schedule tasks
- Assign responsibilities
- Plan risk management
- Monitor and control progress
- Finalize and review
Plan-Based Project Management: Pros and Cons
Pros:
- Predictable timelines
Spiral Model in Software Development: Phases, Benefits, and Drawbacks
The Spiral Model in Software Development
The Spiral Model, proposed by Barry Boehm in 1986, is a software development process model that combines elements of both the Waterfall Model and Prototyping. It is primarily used for large, complex, and high-risk projects where requirements are not well understood from the beginning.
Phases of the Spiral Model
Each loop (iteration) of the spiral represents a phase in the software process and includes four major activities:
-
Planning:
- Identify objectives, constraints,
Software Engineering Core Concepts & Practices
Software Engineering Fundamentals
Software engineering is a disciplined process in which user needs are analyzed, and software is designed, developed, and maintained based on those needs.
Attributes of Quality Software
- Maintainability: Software must evolve to meet the changing needs of customers.
- Dependability: Software must be trustworthy. Dependability encompasses characteristics such as reliability, security, and safety.
- Efficiency: Software should not make wasteful use of system resources, such as
Modular Software Design: Principles and Assembly Process
Design Methodology for Software Development
Modular Programming Principles
When developing a small program, any methodology can be sufficient. However, the problem arises as the program grows, increasing the number of statements and making it difficult to maintain readability and logically follow the implementation. Another factor to consider is that the person who reads code is not necessarily the same as the one who wrote it. Furthermore, different programmers may be involved in developing a single
Read MoreWeb Browsers and Internet Resources: Core Concepts
Web Browsers, Internet Resources & Referencing Essentials
Web Browsers: Characteristics and Functions
A web browser is a software application used to access and view content on the World Wide Web. It retrieves web pages from a server and renders them for the user.
Key Functions of a Web Browser
Viewing: Displaying webpages (HTML, images, videos).
Navigating: Clicking links, using back/forward buttons.
Downloading: Saving files and media from the internet.
Printing: Outputting web content to a printer