Understanding Human Society: A Sociological Perspective
Sociology is a branch of the social sciences that uses systematic methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop and refine a body of knowledge about human social structure and activity.
Historical Roots of Sociology
Sociology has its roots in significant social changes:
- The Industrial Revolution.
- The creation of empires.
- The Age of Enlightenment and scientific reasoning.
Early practitioners developed the discipline as an attempt to understand these social changes.
The Scope of Sociology
Sociology
Read MoreIndia’s Post-Independence: Poverty and Philosophical Legacy
The Inner Feelings of a Stranger: Post-Independence India
This poem paints a vivid picture of India’s impoverished population after Independence. The poet observes that the Indian subcontinent has the largest number of poor people in the world. He sees the entire East (people from oriental countries) reflected in India itself soon after its independence.
The phrase “latent diseases” refers to the dire living conditions of Indians at the time. The poet notices misery and despair due to the never-ending
Read MoreSpanish Constitution of 1812: Principles and Impact
Principles of the Constitution of 1812
The Constitution of 1812 established several key principles:
- National Sovereignty: This was one of the most controversial issues. Juan Nicasio Gallego supported full national sovereignty, a position that ultimately triumphed in the Courts of Cadiz.
- Separation of Powers: The executive power was handled by the king, who had a two-year suspensive veto. The judiciary was limited to courts of law.
- Freedom of the Press: Although partial, it authorized any citizen to
Production Relations and Socialization: Marxist and Sociological Concepts
Production Relations: A Marxist Perspective
Production relations (German: Produktionsverhältnisse) is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx in his theory of historical materialism and in Das Kapital. They are the relationships that individuals produce, that is, social relations established among producers, the conditions under which they exchange their activities and participate in the production process. This is because in production, people not only act on nature but also act upon each other,
Read MorePolitical Traditions: Liberal, Socialist, and Greek Foundations
5) The Liberal Tradition
The core of political activity centers on the individual. Individual freedom of action within the State guarantees individual self-interest to achieve economic competitiveness and free exchange rules. The liberal state plays an essential role in life-safety protection, reducing uncertainty and fear, promoting civil peace, facilitating trade, and ensuring the right to property. Social activity is explained by self-interest: competitiveness. Guaranteeing individual freedom
Read MoreUnderstanding Political Theory: Traditions and Significance
Political theory refers to the study of ideas, concepts, and ideologies that relate to politics, governance, justice, and power. It investigates the principles that underpin political systems and practices, offering a framework for understanding political behavior, institutions, and structures. Political theory encompasses a wide range of ideas, from classical notions of the state, democracy, and sovereignty to contemporary debates about freedom, equality, and rights.
Nature of Political Theory
Normative