Educational Paradigms: Behaviorist, Cognitive, Social, and Constructivist
T4 Paradigm
A paradigm encompasses aspects of our life rituals that are difficult to change and are accepted as true and unwavering. It is also understood as a set of beliefs, principles, and behaviors that a group of scientists adopt for a period as a guide and frame of reference in their theories and practices.
Behaviorist Paradigm
This is the first theory that strongly influenced the way we understand human learning. Its founder was J.B. Watson.
Key Ideas
- The study of learning focuses on observable,
Kaufmann House: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Organic Architecture
Kaufmann House: An Architectural Marvel
The Kaufmann House, also known as Fallingwater, is a masterpiece by Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959). Wright’s architecture seamlessly integrates with its natural environment, a departure from traditional American building styles. Commissioned by Edgar Kaufmann as a second home, it was built near a waterfall on rocks between 1934 and 1936. This project marked a turning point in Wright’s career, initiating his second prolific period of international recognition
Read MoreEvolution, Culture, and Society: Key Concepts
Evolution and Natural Selection
Species arise from two main factors: genetic endowment, which produces mutations in individuals, and natural selection, which eliminates maladaptive traits. Adaptive changes are passed down through inheritance and reproductive success. Religion and science operate differently; religion provides meaning, while science seeks truth.
Social Darwinism attempts to turn science into a religious doctrine, while intelligent design theory presents a contrasting view.
Scientific
Read MoreKey Factors Leading to the Partition of India in 1947
Question: Explain the factors responsible for the partition of India during 1947.
Answer: The following factors were responsible for the Partition of India:
- Separate electorates granted by the British to Muslims in 1909 and expanded in 1919 (Government of India Acts of 1909 and 1919).
- Sectarian slogans used on the basis of religion in the 1920s.
- Tabligh and Shuddhi movements, music before mosques, the cow protection movement, etc.
- Communal tensions and riots that deepened the differences between the
Rockefeller and Vanderbilt: Titans of Industry
America Wasn’t Discovered, It Was Built
Introduction
Just 50 years after the Civil War, the United States became the greatest superpower the world had ever seen.
- This landmark transition was due in no small part to a group of innovative businessmen: John D. Rockefeller and Cornelius Vanderbilt.
- These men constructed a bold vision for a modern America and transformed the greatest industries of our time; they are unequivocally America’s first captains of industry.
- While they made unprecedented advancements
Marxist Theory: Capitalist Exploitation and Communism
Formation of Goodwill and Capitalist Exploitation
When an employee works, they produce a value greater than their own wages. The surplus value the worker creates is called goodwill, and that’s where the profit of the capitalist comes from. This is why Marx called the time a worker works for wages necessary labor time, and the time they work to create goodwill surplus labor time. The ultimate goal of capitalism is to profit through capital appreciation.
The means of production are necessary to create
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