Buguental’s Humanistic Psychology Concepts and Techniques
Buguental: Basic Postulates
- The person is the sum of their components.
- Existence of a self consumed within relationships.
- The lives of conscious human beings.
- The self chooses and decides.
- Goal-oriented lives.
Position of the Therapist
- The self is in the center of psychology, against scientific requirements of objectivity.
- Give more importance to the sense of ‘what’ than to procedural issues.
- Validations are based on human criteria.
- Rely on phenomenological guidance.
- Attaches importance to qualitative methods.
Marx’s Theory of Historical Materialism
Historical materialism is the Marxist theory of world history that explains how history has unfolded through various modes of production. The means of production, along with the relations of production, determine the economic structure of society, which shapes the general course of history.
Marx’s analysis of society results in two fundamental layers: what he called the economic structure of society (the base) and the superstructure.
Base and Superstructure Explained
The Economic Structure (Base)
The
Read MoreJoaquín Costa on Spain’s Restoration Politics
Joaquín Costa’s Critique of Restoration Spain
This text is an excerpt from the book Oligarchy and Despotism, Agrarian Collectivism and Other Writings by Joaquín Costa. Joaquín Costa, the author, was a prominent member of a school of thought from the early twentieth century called Regenerationism, which challenged the political system of the Restoration and sought “a regeneration of Spain.” Costa was also a leading politician, historian, and jurist from Aragon. One of his favorite slogans was “
Read MoreMultilingualism, Multiculturalism, and Education Systems
Multilingualism and Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is a way to respond to the cultural and religious diversity of a place, and multilingualism is the use of two or more languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.
On the one hand, as Kenya Advisor (2011) says, the presence of several cultures makes the city multicultural. Similarly, immigrants and people from various tribes speak different languages, also making this area multilingual. Furthermore, each tribe has its
Read MoreScientific, Enlightenment, and Industrial Revolutions
Historical Revolutions and Connections
Which modern movement led to new ways of studying and thinking about the natural world?
The Scientific RevolutionWhich modern movement challenged traditional philosophies and encouraged new political movements?
The EnlightenmentWhich modern movement created new types of jobs for workers and made it easier for factories to produce large quantities of new products?
The Industrial RevolutionHow were the causes of the Enlightenment similar to the causes of the Industrial
Read MorePolitical Ideologies: Anarchism to Socialism
Anarchism: No Government
Anarchism is an ideology that argues the best government is absolutely no government. It contends that everything about governments is repressive and therefore must be abolished entirely. Anarchism and nihilism were once associated with socialism, as they supported the socialist call for revolution.
Absolutism: Single Ruler Authority
Absolutism is a system where a single ruler should have control over every aspect of the government and of the people’s lives. The absolute
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