Spanish Narrative in the 1950s and 1960s: Social Realism and Beyond
Spanish Narrative of the 1950s: Social Realism
They continued to publish authors of the previous era, but significant events allowed us to speak of a new stage. We are witnessing profound renewal efforts, favored by historical circumstances: the gradual incorporation of Spain into the international sphere after previous isolation, a shy intellectual liberalization, the first entry of crowded foreign tourism, and possible travel outside, knowing a different literature. A new generation of storytellers
Read MoreLabor Movement Origins, Ideologies, and Achievements
The Rise of the Labor Movement
The emergence of numerous workers in factories led to an awareness of their difficult working conditions and a desire to improve their situation through collective action. These movements were largely based on two new ideologies: socialism and anarchism.
Beginnings of the Labor Movement
The labor movement encompasses collective efforts by employees to improve their working conditions and advocate for policy changes.
Initially, some workers protested against poor working
Read MoreBasque Country Industrialization: Economic Growth and Social Changes
1. In Spain, the first period of the 19th century was marked by coups, revolutions, wars, and changes of government, which made it impossible for Spain to experience significant economic development like England or other European territories. Some territories, such as Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, and Barcelona, may have seen small development due to Banking laws and the General Railroad Law. However, real economic growth occurred during the restoration process (1874-1930). This was because the government
Read MoreHistorical Materialism: A Theory of Societal Evolution
Historical Materialism
The Foundation of Societal Evolution
Marx and Engels developed the scientific theory of social evolution, known as historical materialism. This theory studies society and its developmental laws. These laws are objective, meaning they exist independently of human consciousness, much like the laws of nature. They are also knowable, and humans utilize them in their practical activities. Through economic, historical, and philosophical analysis, this theory attempts to uncover the
Read MoreUnderstanding Economics: History, Theories, and Factors
The Foundations of Human Economic Activity
Human economic activity is determined by several interconnected spheres: legal (providing a framework), political (regulating and organizing social life), moral (seeking the good), and economic (aiming for the social optimum).
Defining Economics and Political Economy
Economics studies how people in society obtain goods and services to meet their needs. Political Economy, with roots in antiquity (Aristotle), emerged as a distinct field with Antonio de Montchrétien’
Read MoreDefining Your Research: A Guide to Social Relevance
Defining Your Research Field
What aspects of reality will your research focus on? Avoid generic topics; instead, concentrate on specific dimensions within the context of your subject.
Tips for Delimiting Your Research Field:
- Clearly state the reasons for choosing this specific area of social reality, defining key concepts.
- Define the scope: What is included in your study, and what is excluded? What are the boundaries of your research?
- Formulate a key problem: Identifying the core issue is crucial. For