Federico Etxebarria’s Speech: Spain, Germany, and Iron Industries in 1893
Federico Etxebarria’s Speech on Spain and Germany (1893)
This text is a transcription of a speech made to complain about a possible agreement between Spain and Germany. The speaker, Federico Etxebarria, was a Biscayan industrialist in the iron industry. The speech was delivered in December 1893 and published in 1894, making it a primary source document.
Historical Context: The Restoration Settlement
The speech occurred during the Restoration period, a politically challenging time. Spain was a monarchy
Read MoreFirst-Order Logic: Assertions, Queries, and Models
Elaborate Assertions and Queries in First-Order Logic
Sentences are added to a knowledge base using TELL, exactly as in propositional logic. Such sentences are called assertions. For example, we can assert that John is a king, Richard is a person, and all kings are persons:
TELL(KB, King(John)).
TELL(KB, Person(Richard)).
TELL(KB, ∀x King(x) ⇒ Person(x)).
We can ask questions of the knowledge base using ASK. For example:
ASK(KB, King(John))
The query returns true. Questions asked with ASK are called
Read MoreUnderstanding Crime, Environment, and Literature
Nowadays, it is an indisputable fact that the number of crimes committed by people of all ages has been increasing for the last decade. If you’re interested in this issue, continue reading this article.
What are the Main Causes of Crime?
Some people who are addicted to drugs break the law to support their addiction. There are a lot of violent films, movies, video games, and YouTube videos which lead some teens to commit crimes. Some youngsters commit crimes because of peer pressure and their need
Read MoreFrisian and Basque Education Systems Compared
Frisian and Basque Education Systems: A Comparison
There are differences as well as similarities between the Frisian education system and the Basque education system. This comparison examines geographic and demographic data, educational structures, and the role of multiculturalism and multilingualism in both societies.
Geographic and Demographic Data
The Netherlands is a small country lying mainly in Western Europe. It has a total population of about sixteen million people and two official languages:
Read MoreNational Security and Defense: Concepts and Structure
National Security and Defense
Security: The degree of confidence that the state gives to the nation through a set of laws.
Defense: The set of measures used by the state for the protection of national security.
Security and Defense: It is the protection that gives the nation, whose performance is the responsibility of the national armed force.
Fields of Power
- Political Field: Advises the Defense Council and everything related to politics.
- Economic Field: Studies identified and submitted for consideration
Human Culture and Socialization Process
The Need for Culture in Human Beings
The closed world of animals contrasts with the open world of human beings. Humans do not have instincts that spontaneously resolve situations characteristic of their habitat, nor are they conditioned by them. The small amount of instinct that could help preserve us is lost forever in the new ways of life that human beings have invented. Since we do not have adequate instinctive responses to our world today, we must devise strategies to overcome our problems. Furthermore,
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