Mastering Administration: Functions, Importance, and Features
The Four Basic Functions of Administration
Administration involves four basic functions:
- Planning: Define in advance what you want to accomplish in the future. Identify alternatives to achieve this, and choose the best one. Define objectives, goals, policies, and standards for the future. What should be done? Where? When? What? (P)
- Organization: Define the structure of the company, including roles, hierarchy, the type of activities to be performed, and who should run them. Who will? With what authority?
Marxism, Anarchism, and the First International
Marxism
The two most important thinkers: Marx and Engels.
The first formulation:
- The basic idea was published in the Communist Manifesto.
- Context: “The social history of contemporary art is the history of class struggle.” The text denounced bourgeois society and suggested that it is necessary for the working class to achieve sovereignty to build a new society without classes, and the middle class will disappear.
- Call to action: “Workers of the world, unite!” Workers should organize and call for political
Dystopian Societies: Characteristics and Examples
Characteristics of a Dystopian Society
- Propaganda is used to control citizens.
- Information, independent thought, and freedom are restricted.
- A figurehead or concept is worshipped by citizens.
- Citizens are perceived to be under constant surveillance.
- Citizens have a fear of the outside world.
- Citizens live in a dehumanized state.
- The natural world is banished and distrusted.
- Citizens conform to uniform expectations; individuality and dissent are bad.
- The society is an illusion of a perfect utopian world.
Themes
Read MoreDecroly and Manjón: Pioneers of Active Education
Decroly: School for Life
“The school should be for the child, not the child for the school.”
Ovide Decroly (born in 1871) was one of the most distinguished representatives in Europe of John Dewey’s educational ideas. He based his approach on the ideology of American psychology. His core principles include:
- “School for Life, Through Life”: This motto of his school, L’Ermitage, reflected his pedagogical conceptions of respect for the child and their personality.
- Principle of Freedom: A principle proposed
Election Process: Calls, Nominations, Campaigns, and Polls
1. Call
It is an administrative act, which can sometimes be judicial, for determining the date and time of elections. This act is performed by the President of the territorial area concerned.
To be published in the relevant Official Journal. It can be brought before the courts if:
- The government does not do it within the prescribed period, to prevent the hijacking of democracy.
- There has been an irregularity in an area or district, to repeat the elections.
2. Nominations
They are people who, meeting the
Read MoreCOVID-19’s Impact: Reshaping Globalization and World Order
The Impact of COVID-19
As we know, COVID-19 is having political, social, health, and economic effects. But are we aware of the impact this can have on the international order or on globalization?
The current pandemic and its effects could reshape globalization. Furthermore, due to the consequences experienced by the great powers, a new world order will eventually be established. To understand this, we will address new changes in communication, trade agreements, oil relations, and democracies.