Understanding Economics: Principles, Divisions, and Schools of Thought
Economics: Is the science that studies how society uses scarce resources available to produce and efficiently distribute goods and services that satisfy human needs.
Key Features of Economics:
- It is a social science as it seeks to solve economic problems in society.
- It addresses the science of scarcity, where real human needs are insufficient, highlighting the basic problem of scarcity in economics.
- It involves the science of choice, recognizing that resources are scarce while needs are unlimited. We
Economic Integration and the European Union
Mechanisms for Cooperation and Economic Integration
The forms of relationship or cooperation between countries throughout history have been evolving toward greater economic integration, as shown in the diagram below:
- Mercantilism: The objective was to limit international trade. The important thing was to export in order to accumulate precious metals, but imports had to be limited.
- Free Trade: It aims to promote international trade while minimizing any protective measures.
- Bilateralism: Limits trade
Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action
Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action: Summary
Jürgen Habermas proposes a model for analyzing society based on two forms of rationality: the substantive rationality of the lifeworld and the formal rationality of the system.
Lifeworld and System
The lifeworld represents an internal perspective, reflecting the viewpoint of subjects acting within society. Conversely, the system represents an external perspective, encompassing systemic structures like Weberian bureaucracy and other institutions, characterized
Read MoreRegional Governance and Development in Chile
Regional Government in Chile
The Regional Government is the agency responsible for the administration of each of Chile’s regions. It strengthens regional development and decision-making capacity. Its goals are the economic, social, and cultural development of the region. It adheres to two major state policies: the regionalization of the national territory and administrative decentralization.
Key Concepts
- Regionalization: Promotes the economic, social, and cultural development of different regions,
Understanding Culture and Social Heritage
Culture, also called social heritage, is a social process resulting from learning, which is passed from generation to generation. All societies, from the simplest to the most complex, have their own culture. There is no society without culture.
Culture is passed through the family, school (formal and systematic), coexistence, and informal or unsystematic education.
To educate is to give individuals the values, knowledge, skills, behavior patterns, and habits of life (culture of the group).
Two Sides
Read MoreMaharashtra’s Rich Cultural Heritage: History, Art, and Tourism
Maharashtra’s Cultural Heritage
Powada is a dramatic narration that alternates between reciting poetry and prose. Powada narrates the deeds of heroic men and women in a forceful and inspiring style. The Powada composed by poet Adnyandas, a contemporary of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, about the killing of Afzal Khan is a well-known example. During the British period, Powadas narrating the stories of Umaji Naik, the Chapekar brothers, and Mahatma Gandhi were composed. During the Samyukta Maharashtra
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