Marxism, Anarchism & The Workers’ Internationals
Basic Principles of Marxism
The doctrines of Karl Marx were based on the analysis of industrial society and stemmed from the outrage caused by the misery of the working class.
Marx and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto in 1848, which ended with the famous call: “Workers of all countries, unite!”
Marx’s masterpiece, Das Kapital, analyzed capitalist society and its contradictions.
Key tenets include:
- The engine of history is the economy, which has progressed through several stages: slave,
Protecting Children: Standards, Exploitation, and Domestic Violence
Practice Standards Relating to Children
Children deserve significant attention and institutional support. Key areas of concern include:
1. Ill-Treatment
Ill-treatment often occurs within the family. Policing strategies should prioritize preventive work based on comprehensive information gathering, including medical reports and insights from neighbors, colleagues, or teachers.
- Preventing repeated abuse, which can be fatal, is paramount.
- Remember: children often do not complain.
2. Juvenile Offending
Many
Read MoreUnderstanding Linguistic Varieties: Types and Influences
Linguistic Varieties: An Overview
Linguistic varieties: Human beings possess the unique ability for language. This ability manifests in a variety of languages. However, linguistic varieties extend beyond different languages; they also exist within a single language. Linguistic varieties are different ways of speaking within the same language. These variations arise due to several factors:
Geographical Variations
These variations are based on the area of origin, resulting in different dialects.
Social
Read MoreBaroque Era: Language, Court Life, and Societal Shifts
Regarding language, the discussion revolves around which language to use, be it the Tuscan of Petrarch, that of the time… ultimately settling on that of Lombardy. There are numerous quotations from classical sources (perhaps not common in everyday conversation, but normal for scholars), as well as references to real people, lending an air of authenticity.
Within The Courtier, the ideal character is one who strikes a balance between opposites: weapons and letters, education, activity and passivity.
Read MoreLogical Positivism, Falsificationism & Modern Science Critiques
Logical positivism and falsificationism are two influential philosophies of science that attempt to define how scientific knowledge is formed and validated.
Logical Positivism
Logical positivism (also called logical empiricism) emerged in the early 20th century, primarily associated with the Vienna Circle, a group of philosophers and scientists. It aimed to establish a rigorous, scientific approach to knowledge by emphasizing verification through experience and logic.
Core Principles
- Verification Principle
Synergy, Recursion, and Systems: Definitions & Concepts
Chapter 2: Synergy and Recursion
2.1 Synergy
When the sum of the parts is different from the whole, and an object meets this principle, we have synergy.
Some objects inherently possess synergy, while others do not. Wholes generally devoid of synergy can be referred to as conglomerates.
Cluster: This is assumed to be without synergy, i.e., the sum of its parts equals the whole. Therefore, we conclude that the conglomerate does not exist in reality, but it may exist for other purposes such as statistics,
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