Pioneering Educators: Montessori, Kerschensteiner, and Makarenko
Maria Montessori: Unleashing Children’s Potential
Maria Montessori (1870-1952), a pioneer in early childhood education, initially studied medicine and became the first woman in Europe to be licensed as a physician. Her educational philosophy was based on scientific observations of children’s sensory development and the concept of self-directed activity. She demonstrated that underprivileged children could be effectively educated and applied the methods she used with children with disabilities to
Read MoreImpact of Industrialization on Society and Imperialism
However, individuals could secure employment, though initially, the miserable conditions were very difficult. This was gradually remedied by industry or region, where workers were able to increase their wages (in 1873, despite the crisis and increased wages, this trend reversed). Overall, the income gap between the upper class and the working class continued to grow.
- Liberalism seemed to impose its model without any limitation, but it was affected by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution,
Victorian Era: Society, Literature, and Industrialization
Middle Classes in Victorian Society
The middle class (MC) emerged as a new social category, shifting from traditional ranks to a more fluid “class” system. This new system was characterized by economic mobility and conflict, as individuals strived for higher positions. The traditional model of society, based on paternalism and deference, was replaced by a bourgeois mentality that valued work and professional achievement. The middle class acted as a bridge between the aristocracy and the working class,
Read MoreBasque vs. Finnish Education Systems: A Comparative Study
Population
It is fundamental to start by saying that the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) has a population of about 2,638,416 people, whereas Finland’s population is approximately 5,425,553 people.
Language
To begin with, it is important to clarify that the most significant difference between Basque and Finnish education is the languages used for teaching. Basque and Spanish are the most used languages in the Basque education system, whereas Finnish and Swedish are the most used in Finland.
Ikastolak
Read MoreLocke and Montesquieu: Political Philosophy & Separation of Powers
Locke’s Political Philosophy
In 1688, during the Glorious Revolution in England, John Locke presented his political philosophy, which became the foundation for parliamentary supremacy over monarchical absolutism. His Two Treatises on Civil Government outlines his liberal ideas.
Locke, like Hobbes, distinguished between the natural state of man and his status in society. He believed humans are free and equal in their natural state. Unlike Hobbes, Locke thought that in their natural state, humans lived
Read MoreDemocracy: Public Opinion, State, and Spanish Constitution
Public Opinion in Democracy
In today’s democracies, every citizen is free to speak, as decisions are primarily based on the majority principle. Thus, the citizen becomes a key player. A free press, freedom of expression, communication, and associations are essential for a functioning democracy. Citizens must be well-informed to critically evaluate different viewpoints.
Forms of Citizen Participation
There are two main ways citizens participate:
Indirect Participation:
- Expressing opinions in media, forums,