Functional Dependency & Normalization in DBMS — Keys, MVD, 4NF, 5NF
Functional Dependency in DBMS
Functional Dependency: In a Database Management System (DBMS), a functional dependency is a relationship between two sets of attributes in a relation. It shows how one attribute or a set of attributes uniquely determines another attribute. It is written as X → Y, which means attribute X determines attribute Y. Functional dependency is a core concept used in normalization to reduce redundancy and maintain data consistency.
Types of Functional Dependency
Trivial Functional
Read MoreUterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
Uterine Fibroids: Definition, Symptoms, and Management
This document addresses the definition of uterine fibroids and describes their comprehensive management protocols.
What Are Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas)?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous (benign) tumors that develop in or on the uterus. They arise from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus and are very common, especially in women of reproductive age.
Key Characteristics of Uterine Fibroids
Size: Fibroids can
J.H. Newman: Consistency of Multiform Truth in Academia and Science
J.H. Newman on the Consistency of Multiform Truth in Academia and Science
A University’s Call for Intellectual Harmony
Cardinal Newman articulates a profound vision for intellectual unity, asserting that diverse fields of study—from theology to geology—must ultimately converge upon a single, consistent truth. He asks scholars to proceed with confidence, even when facing momentary conflicts.
The Request for Neighbourly Speculation and Research
“I am making no outrageous request, when, in the name
Read MoreChristopher Marlowe: Renaissance Dramatist, Influence, and Controversial Death
Christopher Marlowe: Life, Legacy, and Controversy
Christopher Marlowe was an original and popular writer who broke with tradition, inventing new ways and topics for dramatic writing. His innovations significantly influenced William Shakespeare’s early plays. Marlowe’s life and works have been subject to much speculation and controversy, often overshadowing his literary achievements, which are comparable to Shakespeare’s.
Marlowe led an extreme and marginal life, regularly involved in violence and
Read MoreVictorian Literature: Industrial Revolution, Social Change, and Literary Voices
Introduction
This document examines the influence of the Industrial Revolution as a model of historical transformation, the social and political changes reflected in the literature of the period, and the significant contributions of authors like Charles Dickens, Benjamin Disraeli, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charles Kingsley.
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
The sudden acceleration of technological and economic development that began in Britain in the second half of the 18th century profoundly
Read MoreHerbert Simon’s Bounded Rationality: Decision Theory
Herbert Simon’s Bounded Rationality Theory
Herbert Simon’s theory explains how individuals make decisions with limited information and cognitive abilities. This framework is known as “bounded rationality.”
Key Components
- Bounded Rationality: Individuals have limits in thinking and processing information, leading to satisfactory rather than optimal decisions.
- Satisficing: Individuals seek adequate solutions rather than perfect ones, balancing effort and outcome.
- Three-Stage Decision-Making Process:
- Intelligence