The Penitent Magdalene by Pedro de Mena
The Penitent Magdalene
a) Context and Artist
The Penitent Magdalene is a free-standing sculpture located in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. Crafted by Pedro de Mena in 1664, it stands at a height of 165 cm and is made of painted wood with additions of other materials.
Pedro de Mena y Medrano (1628-1688) was born in Granada, Spain. The son of sculptor Alonso de Mena and a collaborator of Alonso Cano, he was a prominent figure in the Granada school of art. In 1658, he relocated to Malaga after receiving
Read MoreRamon Llull: Life, Works, and Influence on Catalan Literature
Ramon Llull (1232-1316)
Early Life and Conversion
Ramon Llull was born in Mallorca in 1232 and received his education in the royal court. After 30 years, he experienced a profound religious awakening, marked by a vision of Jesus crucified. This led him to abandon his life at court and dedicate himself to God.
Mission and Studies
Llull’s primary objective became the conversion of non-Christians to Christianity. To achieve this, he immersed himself in the study of Latin, Arabic, and sacred texts. Dissatisfied
Read MoreMedieval Legal Science: The Rise of Legal Doctrine and Scholasticism
The Revelation of Law
The new legal doctrine is based on the birth of legal science. This doctrine (of the Scholastic Age, i.e., faith and reason) believes reason must discover the precepts of law. These precepts are hidden from most, but they exist and can be revealed through the science of law. Legal science does not place much importance on the role of the princeps concerning the formation and use of law.
Late-Medieval Civilization
Beginning in the eleventh century, the second Middle Ages emerged,
Read MoreMedieval Law: A European Legal Order
Introduction, Foreword, and Chapter I
) operates as prince with technical chief judge then passed to lawyers and court judge administers justice. always right one for each different time low ancient and modern media = xv similar break.
Grossi’s work is not intended as a manual, if it is a medieval interpretation of law. It tries to make the difference between the medieval concept of law as the previous age (Classical) and which came later (Modern)
The play, despite being based on Italian legal
Understanding the Universe: Order, Origin, and Reality
Levels of Reality
Our journey begins with the distinction between different levels of reality: emotional, societal, planetary, and cosmic. While the closest levels hold the most immediate importance for us, we also retain a sense of wonder about the vast universe.
What is the Universe?
Defining the universe as “everything that exists” raises questions that have intrigued philosophers for centuries. From the early cosmologists to Pascal in the 17th century, the universe has been a source of both curiosity
Read MoreAncient Greek Historiography: From Herodotus to Zosimus
Greek Historiography: An Overview
Ancient Greek historiography flourished from the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD, encompassing writers from Herodotus to Zosimus, including prominent figures like Thucydides, Posidonius, and Polybius. Jacoby’s Fragmente der griechischen Historiker identifies 856 Greek historians, including mythographers and local chroniclers.
The Birth of Historiography
The concept of historiography originated in Greece, although earlier historical records existed in the East,