Thomistic Philosophy: Reality, Existence, and God
The Creation of the World and Thomistic Philosophy
Thomistic theory adopts concepts from the Aristotelian theory of reality. However, a central problem in Christian philosophy arises from the religious belief that the world was created by God *ex nihilo* (from nothing). The world, therefore, transforms from something eternal and without origin to something created in time, a result of God’s free will. St. Thomas Aquinas concludes that in creatures, one can distinguish between *essence* and *existence*
Read MoreNietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality: Nihilism and the Superman
Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality
If knowledge of reality doesn’t lead to morality, we must ask what is good and what is bad. This moral question must give way to the genealogy of morality. It’s not about determining the truth of moral good, but rather what determines the truth. Thus, Nietzsche organizes his critique of the world from morality.
Nihilism
Nihilism allows us to create new values and question cultural references, revealing a deceptive world. We reach a point where “truths” are destroyed.
Read MoreIslamic Art & Architecture: Key Elements and Mosque Design
Key Elements of Islamic Art
- Handwriting: Considered the most important art form, giving form to the word of God. It serves both ornamental and iconographic functions, transmitting divine messages through verses from the Quran, pious messages, and poems. Two main types exist:
- Kufic: Angular, capital letters, sober and straight.
- Naskhi: Italic, flexible, and fluid, used as ordinary writing.
- Plant Motifs: Fundamental elements include rosettes, palmettos, acanthus leaves, vines, and scrolls. Stylized plant
Understanding World Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, and More
Understanding Key World Religions and Philosophies
Hinduism
Hinduism, originating in Northern Asia, India, and North Oceania, centers around the concept of Brahman. Brahman, Shiva, and Vishnu are recurring figures. The living being, matter, and body are considered a prison in South Asia.
Buddhism
Buddhism emerged in the 6th century BC with Buddha. Buddha’s path to release guides individuals towards peace, profound understanding, and ultimate happiness. Existence is viewed as ephemeral and filled with
Read MoreProtestant Reformation and the Council of Trent
Protestant Reformation: Key Points
1) Sacred Scripture is the source of divine revelation, and every Christian can interpret the Bible. This is a free examination of doctrine, which denies the Magisterium of the Church.
2) Original sin totally corrupts human beings. Free examination is not accurate.
3) The sacraments do not produce grace, they are only symbols. There are only two sacraments: Baptism and the Lord’s Supper.
4) Salvation comes through faith, and good works are not useful for salvation.
Read MoreCatholic Social Teaching: Principles and Key Concepts
Seven Principles of Catholic Social Teaching
- Life and Dignity of the Human Person: Catholic teaching on life and the dignity of the human person.
- Call to Family, Community, and Participation: Catholic teaching on the call to family, community, and participation.
- Solidarity: Catholic teaching on solidarity.
- Dignity of Work: Catholic teaching on the dignity of work.
- Rights and Responsibilities: Catholic teaching on rights and responsibilities.
- Option for the Poor and Vulnerable: Catholic teaching on the