Proprioception & Touch: Sensory Mechanisms

Proprioception and Touch: Sensory Mechanisms

Proprioception

Proprioception refers to the sense of the position of joints, tension in muscle fibers, and the overall position of the body.

Touch

Touch involves the perception of spatial and temporal patterns of pressure on the skin.

  • Deformation of the capsule surrounding sensory nerve fiber endings leads to stretching of the membrane.
  • This stretching increases the probability of opening stretch-sensitive cation channels.
  • A net influx of Na+ leads to depolarization
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Understanding Quantitative Research Study Designs

Quantitative Research Study Designs

Experimental Designs – Most Rigorous (Least Bias)

Quasi-experimental Designs

Non-experimental Designs (Most Bias)

Non-experimental Designs (Most Bias)

Non-experimental Designs (Most Bias)

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) –> Gold Standard

  • Participants are randomly allocated to control and treatment (intervention) groups.
  • Participants are followed forward in time (prospectively) from exposure to outcome.
  • Continuous Outcome
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    • The outcome can be either an increasing or
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Social and Cross-Cultural Psychology: Concepts and History

Concept and Scope of Social Psychology

Social psychology is the systematic study of people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in social contexts. It’s the scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward the people around us and how our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are influenced by those people. The subject matter of social psychology is broad and relevant to everyday life. Social psychologists study why we are helpful or aggressive, the benefits of relationships, and

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Brain Lobes, Functions, and Cognitive Processes

Frontal Lobe

The frontal lobe controls emotions and adaptation of personality to event experiences. It is also responsible for foresight, imagination, and self-awareness. Main areas of the frontal lobe include:

Parietal Lobe

The parietal lobe is the principal sensory area for touch. Lesions can cause sensory issues and impairment in cognitive receptive speech.

Temporal Lobe

The temporal lobe is involved in cognition, emotion, and memory.

Occipital Lobe

The occipital lobe is responsible for vision, visual

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Understanding Emotions: Components, Theories, and Brain Areas

Emotions Components

  • Feelings
  • Cognitions
  • Actions

James-Lange Theory

2 Hypotheses:

  • Weaker action/physiology = less emotion
  • Stronger action/physiology = stronger emotion

Is physiological arousal sufficient for emotions?

Möbius Syndrome (M.S.)

Condition where subjects are unable to move facial muscles for smiling.

  • M.S. subjects are able to experience happiness & joy.
  • Autonomic rather than muscular activity triggers affective components of emotions.

Brain Areas Associated with Emotion

  • Limbic system: areas of
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Understanding Criminal Behavior: Serial Killers and Domestic Abuse

Serial Killers and the Psychology of ‘Nothing to Lose’

When an author (perpetrator) feels they have nothing left to lose, the significance of a murder diminishes. Bank robbers, cornered during an escape after a prior killing, exemplify this. In the majority of killings and assassinations, police identify the perpetrator relatively easily; approximately 90% of these crimes are solved. The remaining 10% often involve mishandled judicial investigations, such as failing to properly seal the crime scene,

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