Perception and Memory in Cognitive Psychology: How Our Minds Work
Psychology: Perception and Memory
1. How the Mind Works?
Thinkers throughout history have studied knowledge. In the 1960s, Cognitive Psychology emerged, focusing on the analysis of cognitive processes such as perception, memory, learning, and reasoning.
In the human mind, information gathered by the senses flows through a cognitive system with these components:
- Attention
- Perception
- Memory
Humans are conceived as information processors:
- First, stimuli are received.
- These stimuli are transformed into nerve
Motivation, Learning & Behavior: Theories, Strategies & Conflicts
1. Concept and Theories of Motivation
Motivation has been studied from various perspectives and is closely linked to emotions, but especially to needs. These needs are categorized according to individual requirements, ranging from basic to more complex (culturally determined).
Primary motivations relate to the impulses and dispositions of the organism to maintain basic bodily functions like eating, thirst, and sex. They are closely tied to biological factors and are innate.
On the other hand, stimulant
Read MoreUnderstanding Disability and the Elderly: Needs and Leisure
General Characteristics of Persons with Disabilities
WHO Definition of Dependence
Dependence is the need for help from another person for Activities of Daily Living (ADL), which may be due to illness, injury, deficiency, or limitations.
Types of Dependence
- Moderate: Large dependence for 2 or 3 WHO activities.
- Severe: Dependence for all WHO activities.
WHO Definition of Handicap
Handicap refers to the disadvantages experienced by people due to various barriers, including cultural, technical, economic,
Read MoreUnderstanding Culture, Beliefs, and Values in Society
Culture, Beliefs, and Values in Society
Understanding Cultural Beliefs
Each culture provides its members with implicit and explicit responses. Beliefs are ideas about reality, historically developed and socially transmitted. Some beliefs are specific, relating to particular aspects of the world, forming sets known as domains. Other beliefs concern the differences between domains or their boundaries and interrelationships.
Within each culture, beliefs are generally internally consistent and mutually
Read MoreThe Sociology of Crime and Deviance: A Comprehensive Overview
Work Sociology: Crime and Deviance
1. Explain the meaning of the phrase “conformity and deviation are part of an inseparable pair.”
Conformity and deviance are two sides of the same coin. They cannot be separated because there’s no universally agreed-upon definition of “normal” behavior or conformity. A behavior is defined as deviant in relation to the existing norms of a society. In essence, deviance is the opposite of conformity.
2. What is the function of justice and punishment for C. Beccaria?
Read MorePsychological First Aid: A Guide to Trauma Response
Psychological First Aid
Objectives
Psychological First Aid aims to:
- Provide protection, security, and hope.
- Relieve acute stress symptoms.
- Prevent delayed stress reactions.
Basic Principles
A. Protect
Ensure affected individuals feel safe and secure. Search for and organize:
- Physical shelters
- Symbolic shelters
- Protection against the media (avoid contact in early hours)
B. Lead
Guide individuals away from dangerous areas to safe locations.
C. Connect
Connect individuals with personal and social resources:
- Loved