Cognitive Paradigm: Historical Background and Clinical Aspects
Abstract Cognitive Classic Moment
Historical Background
1. The closest antecedent is time behavior. As this was not enough, the need to expand the paradigm arose. This change was characterized by the importance given to mediational variables, essential prerequisites for explaining and modifying human behavior. Several authors (Bandura, Lazarus, among others) extended their models to integrate the cognitive aspect into understanding and evaluating human behavior.
2. Questioning Psychoanalysis. Those
Read MoreUnderstanding Family Systems: Structure, Communication, and Crisis Management
Family System: Core Concepts
- Total: Members form a whole.
- Not Join: Each member has unique characteristics.
- Circular: A change in one member affects all others.
- Homeostasis: The family maintains interaction patterns.
- Equifinality: Forces drive growth and development.
Analysis of Family System Elements
Internal Structure
- Systems and subsystems
- Boundaries between subsystems (fuzzy, defined, rigid)
System Interaction
- Sequences of interaction
- Systemic rules (recognized, implicit, secret, meta)
Communication Patterns
- Types:
Individual and Society: Exploring the Dynamics of Socialization and Culture
1. The Individual and Society
1.1 The Study of Individual-Society Relationship
Two perspectives exist:
- Classical: Prioritizes the individual over nature with a twofold rationale:
- Material order: Society fulfills individual needs.
- Personal order: Society fosters higher faculties.
- Actual: Prioritizes society over the individual, explaining human society through social behaviors.
- Society as a product of evolution.
- The necessity of learning societal culture.
- Psychological mechanisms in interaction.
1.2 Socialization
Read MoreHuman Sensation, Perception, and Memory
The Thresholds of Sensations
Limits of Human Perception
Human capacity to receive stimuli is limited. We cannot perceive certain things, such as infrared light or ultrasound. Our senses have thresholds:
- Absolute Threshold: The minimum amount of stimulus needed to detect something (lower threshold) and the maximum stimulus we can receive (upper threshold).
- Differential Threshold: The difference in stimulus intensity needed to perceive an increase or decrease from a prior stimulus.
Sensation and Perception
Defining
Read MoreUnderstanding Human Behavior: Psychology, Biology, Philosophy
Psychology: Exploring the Mind
1. The Psychic Life
Psychology studies individual behavior and responses to reality. Human behavior has both an internal, unobservable dimension (mental life) and an external, observable one (behavioral).
1.1 Nature of the Mind
The term “mind” refers to mental processes and states. The mind provides continuity and identity. Key properties of mental phenomena include:
- Intentionality: Our beliefs, memories, and desires always refer to something; they have content.
- Intimacy:
Understanding Depression: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Normal Sadness vs. Pathological Grief
Normal sadness is proportionate in duration and intensity to the situation, doesn’t affect job performance or intellectual functioning, and maintains a normal somatic presence with a motive.
Pathological grief is disproportionate in duration and intensity, affecting behavior and performance at work, family, and intellectually. It presents altered somatic operation, such as headaches and dizziness.
Depression: Symptom, Syndrome, Disease
Depression is a mood disorder
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