Understanding the Laws of Perception in Gestalt Psychology
The Collection
The elementary theory is devoted to studying the feelings and is considered part of the contents of perceptions. The sensations are studied as simple and indivisible contents of perception. We now know that this is so because perception involves many factors that should be studied as a whole. Feelings are related to the stimuli triggered by the external or internal environment: noise, odor, flavor, or something that falls before us. These stimuli trigger an activity through the sensory
Human Developmental Psychology: Concepts and Theories
ITEM 7: Introduction to the Psychology of Development
Preliminary Concepts
- Growth: Quantitative physiological changes.
- Maturation: Differentiation and development of biological structures and functional capabilities resulting from the interaction between genetics and experience.
- Development: Functional relationship between behavior change and chronological age. Individual change is multidimensional and multidirectional.
- Learning: Changes caused by external influences.
7.1. The Psychology of Development:
Read MoreExperimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
Pre-experiments
Pre-experiments offer minimal control.
- Case Study with a Single Measurement: A stimulus or treatment is applied to a group, followed by measurement of one or more variables. This design lacks a true experiment’s rigor, with no independent variable manipulation or comparison group, hindering causality establishment and internal validity control.
- Pretest-Posttest Design with a Single Group: A pretest is administered, followed by the stimulus/treatment, and finally a posttest. While offering
Perception: The New Look in Psychology
The New Look in Psychology
Around 1950, American psychologists like Jerome Bruner and Leo Postman introduced a new concept to Gestalt theory, called the “New Look”.
Sensory Images and Prior Arrangements
They argued that sensory images (sight, sound, touch, smell) are influenced by prior arrangements within the perceiver. Our perception acts as a “tuned body,” interpreting stimuli based on knowledge, experience, and feelings.
Stimuli Selection and Personality
Stimuli selection relates to our personality.
Read MoreCross-Cultural Psychology: Research, Morality, Communication, Therapy
MULTIPLE CHOICE NOTES
Measurement bias – same validity & reliability across cultures
Poortinga [1898] dealing with non-equivalent data – precluding comparison
Ecological theory – children contribute to their enculturation & socializing processes
Mead – post figurative – low level peer, prefigurative – high level peer influence
Biologically based style of interacting with world exists from birth – temperament
Piaget’s theory cog dev concern – cultural variation – child get skills in Piaget’s stages
Sees
Fundamentals of Science: Principles, Thinking, and Research
Nature of Science
1.1 Concept and Definition of Science
1. Concept:
Science is the study of natural phenomena, laws, and theories based on observation and experimentation.
2. Definition:
“Science is a method of acquiring knowledge that uses logical and objective processes to understand the truth.”
1.2 Characteristics of Science
1. Based on Facts:
Science is based on truth and facts, verified through observation and experimentation.
2. Universality:
Scientific laws and principles are universal, meaning
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