Understanding Affection, Emotions, and Feelings: A Comprehensive Analysis
Understanding Affection, Emotions, and Feelings
Item 9
1. What is Affection?
Affection is a general term encompassing a range of emotions, passions, and sentiments that individuals experience internally in response to events or thoughts throughout their lives.
2. Characteristics of Affection:
- Subjective in nature, experienced personally and uniquely.
- Generally oscillates between two opposite poles of effect.
- Its manifestation is reflected in the individual’s state of encouragement.
- Almost all events can
Paradigms in Educational Research: Positivist, Naturalist, and Critical
Paradigms in Educational Research
Positivist Era (19th Century) vs. Paradigmatic Era (20th Century)
The conception of educational research has evolved from a holistic approach (positivism) to a more pluralistic one (post-positivism). This shift involves multiple scientific languages and epistemological and methodological plurality.
Development of the Research Process
Structured research tests theories through verification and hypothesis testing. The researcher acts within a natural setting, external
Read MoreNature and Culture: Understanding Human Social Dynamics
Nature and culture are not contradictory but complementary:
- Nature is, in large part, our heritage and biological evolution.
- Culture is everything a human being has incorporated through their own human and social activity, the natural process of development of their lives, their biological culture. We produce nature creatively; we can overcome environmental constraints.
Culture is the set of all components of our human life that are transmitted, socially learned, and taught, whether they belong to
Read MoreMental Health: Disorders, Therapy, and Professionals
Obsessions and Compulsions
- Obsessions: Unwanted thoughts, ideas, or mental images that occur over and over again.
- Compulsions: Repetitive ritual behaviors, often involving checking or cleaning something.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder: Intense, persistent feelings of anxiety that are caused by an experience so traumatic that it would produce stress in almost anyone.
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociation: Refers to the separation of certain personality components or
Read MoreKey Concepts in Psychology and Buddhism: A Comprehensive Analysis
Abraham Maslow and Self-Actualization
Abraham Maslow (1970) investigated why most people do not reach self-actualization. He proposed several reasons for this phenomenon. Two possible reasons are explained below:
- Fear of Risk-Taking: Growth often requires taking chances. According to Maslow, individuals frequently avoid these risks because their need for security outweighs their desire for growth. In essence, people are hesitant to venture into the unknown because they feel secure in their current
Major Psychological Theories: A Comparative Analysis
| Major | Theoretical Position and Represented Interests | Explanation of the Process/Method of Study | Perceptual Differences with Other Major Subjects of Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functionalism | Functional dimensions of psychological processes as instrumental in adaptation to the environment. | W. James, J. Dewey, J. R. Angell used several methods: introspection, experimental method, comparative method, etc. | Motivational factors, personal interest in adaptation to the environment that affect perception. Perception plays an instrumental |